Feminist Criticism on Where Are You Going, Where Have You...

The term ‘feminism’ and ‘feminist’ first started to gain popularity in the 1970s. Starting in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, continued into the 1960s and 1970s, then followed by the 1990s to the twentieth century, feminism and feminist grown across the nation. From clubs and organizations, to readings and speeches, feminist all across the nation, and world, have influenced aspects of our daily lives, including our literature. â€Å"Feminist criticism examines the ways in which literature reinforces or undermines the economic, political., social, and psychological oppression of woman† (Tyson 83). In simpler terms, feminist criticism is critiquing literary readings, through the mind of a woman’s opinion of structure and being.†¦show more content†¦From a patriarchal ideology, Connie seems a bit of a tramp concluding that â€Å"men sleep with â€Å"bad girls†, but they don’t deserve better and they probably d on’t even expect better. 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Men are so dominant that they are able to get away with crimes far easier than women

Education Programs Should Be Better Than Those Who Are Not...

(Wallington, Petlow, Mitchell, 2011). By offering accelerated learning opportunities that allow students to achieve college placement, bridge programs can help to correct this trend in higher education (Wallington, Petlow, Mitchell, 2011). Programs should be realistic about their goals because the argument is made that significant progress in academic support is difficult to achieve in only a few months (Kezar, 2000). Studies show that students in retention programs perform better than those who are not met with the same opportunity (Kezar, 2000). The Sumer-Bridge-University of California at Berkley provides proof to the success of these programs as it has demonstrated that bridge students there have a higher two-year retention rate than their counterparts despite having lower SAT scores than those who have not participated in the program (Ohland Crockett, 2002). It is cautioned that these programs, while providing a jump start for success, should be met with ongoing support that surpasses the five to six weeks of summer preparation (Bradley, 2012). Some colleges have found implementation of a mandatory freshman orientation class for all incoming students beneficial, following participation in summer activities (Bradley, 2012). Model programs Model programs are individuated and have several common components (Kezar, 2000). These common components include strong faculty involvement, being tied to the institutional mission, partnership with area K12 schools, receivingShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : College Is The Most Common Word That Comes Out Is Debt Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesAs a person talks about college, the most common word that comes out is debt. For me, college meant more opportunities. Opportunities behind my imagination. 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Studying in a foreign country benefits the students in many ways including the opportunity to travel the world, experience different education styles, have numerous education and career opportunities, and experienceRead MoreEssay Mainstreaming: Does it Help Childrens Special Needs?1406 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesin regular classrooms. Inclusion, also known as mainstreaming, gives all students the opportunity to learn from their individual differences. It allows special needs children to receive their education in a normal society. Children with special needs are encouraged by the challenges that face them in a regular classroom. They also learn to defend themselves from the attitudes of other students. At the same time, non disabled students will learn to recognize and respect the talents and abilitiesRead MoreTuition Free Public Colleges And Universities1619 Words   |  7 Pagestuition-free higher education for all. 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Resource File free essay sample

Select four songs, finger plays, word games or poems that you can use to promote phonological awareness. Describe the strategies to promote phonological awareness among children whose home language is other than English. Phonological awareness involves the detection and manipulation of sounds at three levels of sound structure: (1) syllables, (2) onsets and rimes, and (3) phonemes. 1. Speak English, and speak it often, associate words with objects as often as possible. For example, show the child a book and say, Book. Repeating words and phrases often will train the child to associate certain objects with certain words mentally; and more than that, it will enable the child to pick up on the phonemes of the language subconsciously. 2. Play word games to promote phonological awareness. With a toddler who has limited English skills, sound soup is a fun game to play. Bring out a big soup pot and tell the child, We are going to make k soup today! Then, begin to fill the pot with items that start with the k sound carrots, kale, clocks. We will write a custom essay sample on Resource File or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The point of the game is to get the child to become very familiar with a particular sound and to recognize it as a sound that can occur at the beginning of a word. 3. Play sound recognition games that require more of a response on her part. One such game is the find it game. Say a sound r, for example and ask the child to find you an object in the room that begins with that sound. 4. Identify the number of words in a short sentence. For example, â€Å"Pat has a cat. How many words are in that sentence? † 5. Next focus on onsets and rimes. For example, â€Å"c† plus â€Å"at† equals â€Å"cat†; â€Å"cl† plus â€Å"own† equals â€Å"clown. † Beep! Choo! Zoom! Honk! We’ll be going on vacation in our car. (Pretend to drive a car. ) Beep-beep. (Pretend to honk horn. ) We’ll be going on vacation in our car. Beep-beep. We’ll be going on vacation. We’ll be going on vacation. We’ll be going on vacation in our car. Beep-beep. Train choo choo (Put arms by sides and pretend to chug. ) Plane zoom zoom (Make a plane with your hand and fly around. ) Bus honk, honk (Pretend to pull down on a horn. ) Oh, we’ll all have lots of fun when we go Beep beep, choo choo, zoom zoom, honk honk. . . Apples and Bananas I like to eat, eat, eat apples and bananas I like to eat, eat, eat apples and bananas Now change the vowel sound to A: I like to ate, ate, ate ay-ples and ba-nay-nays I like to ate, ate, ate ay-ples and ba-nay-nays Now change the vowel sound to E: I like to eat, eat, eat ee-ples and bee-nee-nees I like to eat, eat, eat ee-ples and bee-nee-nees Now change the vowel sound to I: I like to ite, ite, ite i-ples and bi-ni-nis I like to ite, ite, ite i-ples and bi-ni-nis Now change the vowel sound to O: like to ote, ote, ote oh-ples and bo-no-nos I like to ote, ote, ote oh-ples and bo-no-nos Miss Mary Mack Miss Mary Mack Mack Mack All dressed in black, black, black With silver buttons, buttons, buttons All down her back, back, back. She asked her mother, mother, mother For 50 cents, cents, cents To see the elephants, elephants, elephants Jump over the fence, fence, fence. They jumped so high, high, high They reached the sky, sky, sky And they didnt come back, back, back Til the 4th of July, ly, ly! Teddy Bear Teddy bear, teddy bear, Turn around. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Touch the ground. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Shine your shoes. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Skidoo. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Go upstairs. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Say your prayers. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Turn out the light. Teddy bear, teddy bear, Say good night.

Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Industry Management

Question: Examine and evaluate the Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction Discoveries of natural gas and oil resources give nations hope for the future prospect. International oil companies enter into contracts for exploration of natural gas and oil contracts with these nations that are rich in such resources. Though such nations may themselves explore the resources but many-a-times, they do not possess the required skill, expertise and most importantly the financial stability to undertake such a project. Thus, they try to magnetize the participation of the international oil companies. However, before entering into such contracts with the oil companies the governments of the host countries undergo a process of negotiation. These negotiations are very challenging. The said negotiations are all the more challenging because a lot is at stake with these negotiations. When oil resources are discovered in a country, the government acquires right over it notwithstanding the fact that the surface rights are owned by an individual. The nations that have oil resourc es tend to magnetize the participation of these oil companies for the exploration as these companies possess all the required skill, expertise, experience and financial backing to undertake such a project. The oil companies that have experience of negotiating such contracts mostly have the upper hand in the process of negotiation and are motivated to ensure profit maximization. Thus, it is essential for the governments to be extra-cautious in the negotiation process so as to be able to make as much revenue as possible out of these projects. In this paper, we would analyze the various aspects of oil and natural gas negotiation and explore the issues involved. Issues involved in the process of Negotiation In order to give effect to the oil contracts, the government of the host countries and the international oil companies undergo direct negotiation. The attitude of the government during the process of negotiation is mostly very indecisive and such indecisiveness results from lack of technical knowledge, capability of predicting future as regards the oil fields and proper awareness about the oil fields. Thus, in order to be able to negotiate successfully it is imperative that the governments keep these factors in mind while undertaking such negotiation. The changing market for oil, the exploration cost, and the size of the oil field are significant factors that must be considered by the government while negotiating. Most of the time, the governments fail to give proper attention to these aspects and the oil companies end up taking advantage of the ignorance of the governments. The following issues are important for giving effect to a successful contract and therefore they must be given proper consideration; Interest of the Indigenous Communities These oil exploration projects resulting out of contracts between the oil companies and the governments of the host countries affect various other groups of individuals who are not directly involved in the process. These groups are the local communities of the host countries. In fact, these communities are at the receiving end of the adverse effects of such projects. In fact, mostly the surface rights over the oil fields are owned by these local communities and thus they must be compensated by the oil companies for the disturbance and use of their property. Thus, the interest of these groups must be considered by the governments while negotiating the terms of the contract (3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner, 2007). Transparency The negotiation process must be transparent. These contracts would be accepted by the public if they are transparent. In order to be transparent, the contractual term must be disclosed. However, there are certain aspects that ought not be disclosed. When the negotiation process is transparent, it is possible to avoid corrupt practices that the negotiators might get involved into. If the contractual terms are made subject to public scrutinisation, the negotiators would not insert such terms in the contract that might be criticized by the public (Babusiaux, 2004). Negotiators The government makes up a team to undertake the negotiation process. This team consists of members from different fields. While making up this team of negotiators, the governments ought to be extra cautious. The process of negotiation must not be taken casually. In fact, negotiation is not just a process before entering into a contract but is an art. The negotiators must have the capability of making a distinction between the negotiable and nonnegotiable factors. Having made such a distinction they ought to pay greater attention to the negotiable factors (Bantekas, 2009). They must as well undertake good tactics for negotiation and must proceed on the basis of plans already formulated. The oil companies are far better equipped than the governments to negotiate these contracts so the government should take this negotiation process seriously and employ expert, negotiators. The negotiators must be from different fields, like legal, technical, etc and ought to possess the required skills to make a successful negotiation on behalf of the government. The principle underlying the negotiation is to reach at a mutually agreeable point where the interests of both parties are balanced. Only successful negotiators can achieve this goal. Balancing Conflicting Interests Conflict of interest is a common phenomenon while the terms of these type of contracts are negotiated. The Government, on the one hand, has to act as a business entity, the sole purpose of which is to maximize profits. On the other hand, it has to make the oil companies invest in the resources of the country so that the revenue of the country increases leading to an economic growth of the country (Bhattacharyya, 2009). The Government maximizes profits on the one hand and regulates its conduct on the other. The Government must be able to balance the conflicting interests while negotiating the terms of the contract. Time Time responsive factors are predominantly present in oil contracts. For instance, oil prices keep varying from time to time, the political and social conditions of the country that possesses the natural resources. The drafting of the oil contracts must be made in such a manner that these factors may be varied accordingly. The terms of the oil contract must be such that they survive the test of time (Bindemann, 2000). The terms should be such that the changes may be made in future on the basis of the future demands, whether foreseeable or unforeseeable. Thus, the oil and natural gas contracts must be responsive to changing circumstances. Norway, for instance, made its tax regime profitable for the oil companies so as to entice their participation to their geographically challenging terrain. Types of Contracts There are various types of contacts that the governments and the international oil companies can enter into for exploration of the oil and natural gas. These contracts may be discussed as follows; Joint Venture Agreement The government and the oil companies may elect to enter into a joint venture for the exploration of the natural resources. But before plunging into such a decision, both parties must be well aware of the goals, interests and mode of conducting business of each other. Since under a joint venture agreement the parties work together, it is essential that they have knowledge about these aspects of each other or else it would not be possible to make the joint venture successful. The parties ought to be consensual on these aspects. As the joint venture agreements are open-ended, nether of the parties are very eager to enter into such contracts. However, these agreements are advantageous for the governments as they can rely on the oil companies for decision making. Moreover, the government shares profits with the companies under this type of agreement (Khannanova, Nizamova and Kantor, 2015). The disadvantage of entering into this type of agreement, from the perspective of the government is that they have to share the risks along with the companies. The government participates directly in the process of oil exploration under this type of contract (Ghandi and Lin, 2014). Production Sharing Agreements (also referred to as PSA) Under this type of contracts, the responsibilities associated with the development and managing of the oil resources lies with the oil companies. Even the risks associated with the exploration process are to be borne by the companies. The government earns signing bonus by giving the oil companies the right of exploration. The operational expenses and the costs of exploration are compensated to the company by the government, and the remaining profit is divided between the parties as per the agreed proportion. The taxes are paid by the oil companies. In order to make this type of agreements successful, the legal framework of the host country must be comprehensive enough. In case, the legal framework is not worth relying on, the terms of the contracts would operate as law (Jennings, 2002). Licensing or Concession Agreements Under this type of contract, the oil companies are given right of exploration for a specified period. During this period, the said oil company would have the exclusive right of exploring, selling and exporting the resources extracted. Generally, right sunder this type of contract is granted by way of auction. The governments draft the terms of the contract and then opens up bidding for the oil companies. The company that emerges to be the highest bidder gets the exclusive exploration rights. The highest bidder amount is paid by the oil company to the government of the host country as licensing fees. Even if production does not take place, yet the government retains the said licensing fees. If production takes place, the host country receives income tax as well as royalty (Mahmud and Russell, 2002). These licensing agreements are the best suited to serve the interest of the host countries. Service Agreements Service agreements are also entered into by the parties along with the above types of agreements. The purpose of this type of agreement is to enable disbursement. However, this type of agreement is not very popular with either party to the contract because they do not turn out to be very useful in the long run. Important Terms of the Contracts The following important terms must be incorporated in every oil and natural gas exploration contract; Description of the premises There must be a complete legal definition of the premises leased to the companies for the exploration work. If there is more than one field to be explored, then two different contracts must be entered into. Limiting the contractual term The contract should explicitly lay down whether the contract is for exploration of oil or natural gas or other minerals. Royalty Clause From the perspective f the government, the most important is the royalty clause. The mode of payment and well as the time of payment of the royalty to the government must be clearly provided in the contract (Marshall, 2003). Post Production Costs Since, post production issues are frequently litigated upon by the parties, it is imperative that the mode of dealing with the post production costs must be clearly laid down in the contract (Tade, 1989). Plan of Work The oil companies have a tendency of delaying and shelving not so profitable projects. Thus, the contract must contain an exhaustive list of circumstances under which a project may be shelved or delayed. It must also be specifically stated that apart from the stated circumstances, a project cannot be shelved or delayed for any other reason (Martin, 2009). Stabilization Clause Governments should refrain from inserting stabilization clauses in the contract because such clauses make the laws of the host country inapplicable to the provisions of the contract. Vision of the Government behind Negotiation The oil companies are very must profit motivated, and they attempt to minimize costs and maximize profits as much as possible. The governments have to consider the development of the country while it negotiates the contractual terms with the oil companies. The Government must have the following as its vision and mission behind the undertaking of such projects; Employment A lot of man power is required to give effect to oil or natural gas exploration project. The Government should try to make the oil companies employ local manpower. This would lead to economic stability in the host country as many people would be employed. In case, unemployment is taken care of then the country would have a good financial standing. The company would also be able to benefit from such an arrangement as it will be spared the expenses of engaging outside labour (Mosburg, 1983). Corporate Social Responsibility (also referred to as CSR) The oil companies must be made to render its CSR during the tenure of the exploration project. The CSR responsibilities borne by the domestic companies may be made compulsory for the international oil company (Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts, 2005). The rules of CSR which are applicable to the domestic companies could be made applicable to the oil companies. In case, such provisions are not strictly incorporated the companies would try and evade the CSR (Thornton, 1912). Sustainable Development At present sustainable development is an important concept that must be kept in mind by the government while negotiating the terms of oil and natural gas exploration contract. Governments should limit the extent up to which the oil companies may use the resources (OIL AND GAS: New Contracts, 2008). Since these natural resources deplete with continued usage, the usage should be limited so that it gets the time for regeneration. Dispute Resolution Mechanism The contract should lay down the mechanism for dispute resolution in case the parties get involved in a dispute. The parties have various options available for dispute resolution. The traditional mode of dispute resolution is the court proceedings, but the parties may as well decide to go for dispute resolution mechanisms that do not involve the technicalities of the formal court proceedings, like, arbitration. In fact, mostly parties opt for arbitration in case of international contracts as in the case of international transactions problem arises as regards applicable laws (Pongsiri, 2004). As a consequence enforceability of the terms of the contract becomes difficult. Mediation, conciliation may also be modes of dispute resolution. These processes are not very formal, and the parties have a say over a lot of issues, like the place of arbitration, arbitrators, etc. However, in court proceedings none of these factors are within the reach of the parties and thus they cannot mould them as per their convenience. International Commercial Arbitration are adopted by the parties in most cases. The procedures are not very complicated, and the parties have control over a lot of aspects (Razavi, 1989). Conclusion From the aforesaid discussion, we may conclude that the negotiation of oil and natural gas contracts with the international oil companies is a very complicated process that requires through research and proper consideration of several factors. Since the oil companies have a tendency to minimize costs and maximize profits the governments should ensure that they are also able to mobilize maximum profits. Since everything is dependent upon proper negotiation, the government should take the negotiation process seriously and take into consideration all the above factors so as to emerge as successful negotiators. References 3 oil gas contracts for Aker Kvaerner. (2007). Pump Industry Analyst, 2007(8), p.3. Babusiaux, D. (2004). Oil and gas exploration and production. Paris: Editions Technip. Bantekas, I. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(3), pp.263-264. Bhattacharyya, S. (2009). Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed.20094Edited by Anthony Jennings. Oil and Gas Production Contracts, Volume 1. 1st ed. . London: Sweet and Maxwell, Thomson Reuters (Legal) Limited 2008. , ISBN: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 978à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 84703à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 750à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3 ix +398 pp. Int J of Energy Sector Man, 3(4), pp.428-430. Bindemann, K. (2000). The response of oil contracts to extreme price movements. Oxford: Dept. of Economics [Oxford University]. Ghandi, A. and Lin, C. (2014). Oil and gas service contracts around the world: A review. Energy Strategy Reviews, 3, pp.63-71. Jennings, A. (2002). Oil and gas exploration contracts. London: Sweet Maxwell. Mahmud, M. and Russell, A. (2002). Evidence that the terms of petroleum contracts influence the rate of development of oil fields. OPEC Review, 26(1), pp.21-44. Marshall, A. (2003). Negotiating Transcendence. Ethnologies, 25(1), p.5. Martin, T. (2009). Oil and Gas Exploration Contracts. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 2(2), pp.173-174. Mosburg, L. (1983). Contracts used in oil and gas operations. Oklahoma City, Okla.: Institute for Energy Development. Oil and gas exploration and production: reserves, costs, contracts. (2005). Choice Reviews Online, 42(07), pp.42 OIL AND GAS: New Contracts. (2008). Africa Research Bulletin: Economic, Financial and Technical Series, 45(3), pp.17792B-17792C. Pongsiri, N. (2004). Partnerships in oil and gas productionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ sharing contracts. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 17(5), pp.431-442. Razavi, H. (1989). The new era of petroleum trading. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Tade, J. (1989). Drafting indemnity provisions in oil and gas contracts. [Chicago, Ill.]: Section of Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law, American Bar Association. Thornton, W. (1912). The law relating to oil and gas. Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson. Khannanova, A., Nizamova, G. and Kantor, O. (2015). Opec In The Terms Of Oil Prices Reduction. OGBUS, (3), pp.590-611.

Disaster Recovery Plan

Cold War Brinksmanship essays

Cold War Brinksmanship essays In the Cold War, many leaders and conflicts that occurred in the war played the Game of international brinkmanship. The main purpose was to get the opponent intimidated because one wanted to dominant between Industrial Capitalism and Communism, which the Americans wanted to band. Threats with nuclear weapons and riots by millions were put into play. Many good examples of this were the leaders of the period throughout the Cold War. Brinksmanship between Gorbachev and Reagan was a good example. The Soviet Union was stages of collapse and Gorbachev knew it, he worked to come to better terms with America and President Reagan has acknowledge that even though he saw no good of Gorbachev. Gorbachevs regime was primarily to decompose the oppressive Soviet Union. With his to initiatives, the glasnost and perestroika, he gave more freedom to the Russians and permitted Capitalism. Glasnost meant the dismantling of many of the repressive mechanisms that had been among the most conspicuous features of Soviets life, and perestroika was reform in the Soviets lives. Gorbachev decreased his foreign powers in East Europe as well. Gorbachev met with Reagan to lessen nuclear arms; however the result was a treaty that would take out all nuclear weapons. Gorbachev other decision was the cease of Afghanistan assaults. Their brinksmanship movement had took things from one point and created a better situation. The brinksmanship between Kennedy and Khrushchev was the worsening and bettering of the situation. The Berlin Wall was built by the Soviet Union to stop the exodus that desired to move to the West of German. Tension had risen and culminated in the most dangerous and dramatic crisis of the Cold War. America intelligence agencies became aware of Soviet construction of nuclear weapons site with the help of aerial reconnaissance photos. That was an inexpensive way to counter the presence of American missiles in Turkey and to better ...

SAM 451 UNIT 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 451 UNIT 6 - Assignment Example It is in this context that both these policies hold considerable significance in media interviewing for school-athletic teams. These policies also advocates the significance of conducting an informed interview with the athletic teams, after obtaining due permission from the concerned authoritative bodies. On a chronological note, the policy of obtaining formal consents from authoritative bodies can be argued as more time consuming than the second interview policy. Also, complexities arising during the obtainment of formal consents from the authoritative bodies and the coaches can be regarded as a setback of the policy measure. Accordingly, the policies of the school authority for different group of athletes may differ along with the different forms of reporting medium used in the interview process. For instance, some schools may allow a group of athletes to participate in television shows, while the other group might be only allowed to attend newspaper reporters and that too, in the presence of their coach. Hence, applicability of these policies differ from one another; although, the significance of either of these policies are unignorable (Bowl Championship Series, â€Å"Interview policies†; Helitzer). In comparison to the two interview policies selected, the policy of â€Å"Obtaining required permissions from the coaches of the teams and other authoritative bodies (if applicable)† can be considered as more preferable. It is fundamentally owing to the fact that this particular policy directs the effective completion of the interview process at every stage and also confirms integrity of the procedure, where the other interview policy of conveying the mode of interview and the medium of publication to the authoritative

Personal Views regarding Socializing with Superiors and with Essay

Personal Views regarding Socializing with Superiors and with Subordinates - Essay Example This will translate to less efficiency by the superiors in running of the organization. This is evident where a subordinate to whom there is a close relationship with a superior cannot be terminated from employment, given a pay cut or reduced responsibilities for whatever reason, as this will negatively affect the social relationship (Rue et al, 2013). The other disadvantage of subordinate-superior social relationship is that it results in a loss of respect for the manager, as they will treat each other as friends affecting the ability for quality job performance. Socializing will not allow for constructive judgment and performance appraisal that is required of each employee by the superiors leading to unfairness and injustice in job performance (Rue et al, 2013). However, there is a need for some social interaction between subordinates and superiors and between subordinates their selves. These include taking drinks together and parties but there has to be professionalism where the superior leaves first and the conversations based on non-work issues. Subordinates can have social relationships at the work place as they have the same characteristics including having the same experience, same level of skills and education, and the performance of duties at the same level. These social relations aid in the development of teamwork, development of trust between employees, and the creation of a bond between the

Select a firm that is listed in the UK and a competitor that is listed Essay

Select a firm that is listed in the UK and a competitor that is listed elsewhere in the world. Using financial information from THOMSON ANALYTICS - Essay Example Many drugs fail to pass the various drugs administration tests issued by respective government agencies, this leads to heavy research and development costs to be levied on products that could never be seen in the markets. (Bleavins et al., 2010, p.35) Drug testing is a very time consuming as well as expensive process. This is usually disastrous for a company’s results as the R&D investment may not generate any returns in the near future, making it difficult to judge the true position of a financial statement. (Bleavins et al., 2010, p.35) It is because of such reasons why analyzing the results of a pharmaceutical company is considered to be an extensive and taxing task. Furthermore, short-term financial statement analysis may be rendered ineffective because of these reasons, as the numbers will never consider ‘what if’ scenarios (such as what if R&D costs do not provide any return in the future? or provide exceptional returns?) Perhaps the industry with the highest innovation rates, the pharmaceutical industry is an essential element of the financial system. According to Fortune Magazine, 12 pharmaceutical companies have made it in the Fortune 500 list in 2009, amongst these 6 companies were from the US, and 2 companies were from UK; the rest were also from other European regions. (Fortune, 2009, p.27) GlaxoSmithKline (hereafter referred to as GSK) and Pfizer have been close competitors for a long time, although their major focus in terms of type of drug differs substantially, these two companies still compete for top spot within many drug categories. Nevertheless, both these companies are very accomplished: Pfizer is more often in the news as compared to any of its counterparts, mostly it generates media for all the wrong reasons, but it gets lots of free publicity nonetheless. Most recently the company was surrounded in a controversy involving bribing doctors to recommend Pfizer’s

Macroeconomic Analysis of Saudi Arabia and UAE

Macroeconomic Analysis of Saudi Arabia and UAE INTRODUCTION: The increasing economic development in UAE and Saudi Arabia has made these developing states an excellent nation for those people who choose to expand overseas or are interested in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Globalization aids to strengthen their distribution channel and their economies. Saudi Arabia is rapidly gaining importance as a manufacturer and economic leader in the world. These countries have eliminated many of their trade barriers now and have a free trade economic system that attracts many business men from around the globe who seek new consumers and target market for their products (Bloomberg, 2010). UNITED ABRAB EMIRATES PEST ANALYSIS: (P)OLITICAL: The stable political situation of UAE enough to attract almost any major financial institution that needs to invest. These financial institutions can assist in accessing capital markets emerging within the UAE economy. the banking system developed my emirates is a relationship based system of banking with the monetary policy and system capable enough to fulfill funding supplies of a later stage that may be equity leasing or loans (John, 2010). (E)CONOMIC: Out of three million population of UAE 60% of them are in the workforce. In the UAE economy the level of FDI is very high. Globalization has helped improve the UAE economy greatly by bringing in thousands of workers, services and products from throughout the world. UAE has been a member of World Bank, WTO and IMF for seven years. The country has huge wealth and has experienced trade surplus of approximately over 100 billion dirham in the past year (Tomlinson, 2010). (S)OCIAL: All of UAE citizens have high living standard, a western lifestyle and continues rising financial positions. The society remains free and open to all types of restaurants, tourism, sport and recreational activities. The multicultural nature of society and economy existing in UAE allows fir many of the foreigners to work there in well paid positions (Cateora and Graham, 2007). (T)ECHNOLOGICAL: The UAE population comprise of young and extremely technologically knowledgeable professionals. The IT industry aids tourism, hotel and IT service sector. The IT software industries and internet usage in the gulf region is double the rate of Europe. The UAE population has the largest users of internet, satellite and mobile phone within the Middle East (Cateora and Graham, 2007). SAUDI ARABIA PEST ANALYSIS: (P)OLITICAL: The politically stable government of Saudi Arab attracts many of the foreign investors and business men. The government also provides various incentives that attract many investors and tourism from around the globe (Morgan, 2010) (E)CONOMIC: Saudi Arab accounts for the worlds major oil producer and exporters. This allows Saudi economy to earn a high GDP. It also helps its current account to balance against the value of imports when the demand for oil is high (Griffin and Pustay, 2009). (S)OCIAL: The religious history of Saudi Arabia for the Muslim also holds great significance. In the religious seasons people from all over the world come to pay visit to the holy places. This accounts for much of the revenue for Saudi economy. Hotels, restaurants and residential places earn high revenue in these seasons (McGinley, 2010). (T)ECHNOLOGICAL: Saudi Arab is a country that keeps itself technologically updated as it needs to cater a massive population of tourists and visitors from around the world. Saudi Arab imports technological machinery from Japan and other countries which enables it to be established as well-technologically equipped country (Morgan, 2010) MACRO ECONNOMIC ANALYSIS OF BOTH ECONOMIES: BALANCE OF TRADE: It refers to the difference in the VALUE of imports and the VALUE of exports when a country trades (Stanlake and Grant, 1995). SAUDI ARABIA Saudi Arabian economy reported a trade deficit of about US$ 32638.2 MILLIONS in the year 2009 in spite of being the worlds largest producer and exporter of oil with more than 90% of exports being based on it. Major imports of Saudi Arabia include equipment, machinery, food stuff and chemicals with its main trading partners being European Union, China and Japan (Source: trading economics.com, indicators, international monetary fund) Analyzing the trend we see a stable balanced of trade from the year 2000 to 2006. It then gradually increases till 2009 and falls very rapidly in 2010.we also see rapid rise from the year 2005 to 2006 and from 2008 till 2010 (McGinley, 2010). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The exports of natural gas and petroleum play an important role in the UAE export economy. It mainly imports chemical, machinery and equipment from its major trading partners: India, Japan, China and European Union (Menafn, 2009) (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Ministry Of Economy) Unlike Saudi Arabia, the BOT of UAE shows a positive upward trend. It grows steadily from the year 2001 to 2005 and rapidly reaches 211.3 billion 2007. It then falls to 170.85 billion in 2008 which is not too sharp a decrease as it has swiftly gone up in the year 2009-2010. GDP GROWTH RATE: It refers to the gross domestic product that is gained by calculating the difference between the imports and the exports (Hobday, 1988). SAUDI ARABIA The economy of Saudi Arabia expanded over 0.6% last year. The worth of Saudi Arabia GDP is 0.6% of the economic world or 369million dollars (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department) The trend shown for the GDP rate of Saudi Arabia is not stable. We see a sharp rise and a sharp fall from 2001 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2004 reaching up to 7.66% from 2004 we see a fluctuating GDP rate that falls to 0.6% in the year 2010. This downward trend is not favorable for Saudi Arabia. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Unlike the, Saudi which expanded over the last year, UAE Economy experienced contraction of 2.10% last year. The UAE GPD is worth $ 261 billion and accounts for 0.42% of the total of the world economies. (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Ministry Of Economy) The UAE analysis of GDP growth shows a high GDP of about 8% from the start of 2001.UAE and Saudi Arabia has a similar trend till 2004. But UAE shows a 12% rise in GDP rate from 2001, unlike Saudi Arabia which shows just 8% from 2001. Saudi Arabia GDP falls to 0.6% by the end of the year 2010 while UAE experienced negative rate of -2.1% (Time out Dubai, 2009) INFLATION: Inflation refers to the general increase in the price levels over the period of time (Stanlake and Grant, 1995). SAUDI ARABIA The inflation rate through the year 2010 was reported at 5.51%. It touched historical heights in 2008 with inflation of 11.08 % (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department) The inflation rate of Saudi Arabia shows an upward trend. It is 0.31% in 2001 and continues to rise till 2009. The economy then faces a gradual decrease in the inflation rate and it falls to 3.5% near 2010, from 11.08% same year. By the end of 2010 and the starting of 2011 we see inflation again expected to rise to 5.51% (Tomlinson, 2010). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The average inflation rate of UAE is 6.27%. The historical highest inflation recorded for UAE had been 11.10 % (Source: tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Economy) The inflation rate of UAE has grown steadily over the years. The trend shows no downward trend but it continues to grow from 2003 till 2008. Unlike Saudi Arabia high shows fluctuation and steady growth of inflation, UAE economy has faced an upward trend for inflation for the past years. UMEMPLOYEMENT: The unemployment rate is defined as the number of people of the total labor force who are unemployed or/and seeking for work (Turnovsky, 1977). SAUDI ARABIA According to the last report the unemployment rate in Saudi Arabia was 10.5% in Saudi Arabia. From 1999 till 2009 Saudi Arabias unemployment rate reached to the average of 10.5%. The historical height of Saudi Arabias unemployment rate was recorded at 12%. (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department) The unemployment rate illustrated above shows an upward trend of rising unemployment in the Saudi economy which is definitely not a favorable indicator for the overall economy. We see the percentage of the labor force unemployed falling from the year 2007 to 2009 sharply but it fails to keep it lower and rises again to 10.5% by the end of 2010. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The unemployment rate of UAE far exceeds of that of Saudi Arabia. It was calculated as 20.60 in 2004 which was the historical height achieved for the UAE economy according to arabian news (Tomlinson, 2010) (Source: tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Economy) For UAE economy the unemployment rate shows an upward trend but not as rapidly and sharp as for the Saudi Arabia. But the total percentage of the rate of unemployment in UAE is higher than of Saudi Arabia which has a fluctuating trend for unemployment. INTEREST RATE: It refers to the price of borrowing and lending (Hobday, 1988) SAUDI ARABIA The decisions making authority regarding the interest rates lies with the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) (Cateora and Graham, 2007). (Source: tradingeconomies.com, Saudi Arabian Central Department) The interest rate trend shown above illustrates a downward initial trend and then a slight increasing graph followed by a sharper fall with a stable and constant rate from 2009 till 2010. UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The UAE interest rate decision making authority lies with the Central Bank of the United Arab Emirates (Ahmed, 2004) (Source: tradingeconomics.com, Ministry of Economy) The interest rate trend for the UAE economy and Saudi Arabian economy is very different. Un like Saudi Arabia UAE faces many fluctuation through the years from 20007 till 2009.it starts at a higher rate, remain stable, falls and then rises quite sharply. It then experiences little fluctuations and rests at 1.80 with the starting of 2011. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT: SAUDI ARAB ECONOMY The over analysis of past trends suggest that the inflationary pressures might stay manageable and stable over the period of 2010-12 (John, 2010). This inflation will reflect the weakened interest rate .A weakened interest rate will compel people to spend more. Demand for money will rise as indicated by the monetarist view (Cateora and Graham, 2007). The increased supply of money will eventually increase the price levels as the quantity theory of money explains. There may be a fear of inflation which may exist then. Population growth will be generating some local price pressures. The economy is expected to grow by an average 3.7% in the upcoming year 2010-14. Resources reveal that the Saudi economy is expected to be greatly supported by extensive spending by the government thus absorbing a large proportion of the job market. A strong increase in investment projects by the government is also expected. There will be good domestic consumption of oil but weaker oil export due to higher o il prices (Bloomberg, 2010). Due to stronger investment projects from the government the economy will face greater injections into it which will result in falling unemployment rate and rising income levels. This will leave a favorable and positive impact on the Saudi economy in the upcoming years. But looking at the Saudi economy from the Keynes view/Classical theory of income and employment we see as the employment and income levels will rise due to injections in the economy, there will come a certain level, that aggregate demand will no longer bring any changes in the income and employment levels but prices will begin to rise which will indicate inflation in the long run (Shihab, 1996). UNITED ARAB EMIRATES The growth forecast for UAE is lowered by the IMF to less than 1% (Tomlinson, 2010). UAE economy is expected to grow 2.9% following year. The investment activity is expected to be weak as the emirate is trying to redefine its economic objectives (Bloomberg, 2010). As the UAE economy will try to reduce its rate of inflation unemployment is expected to rise as defined by the Phillips curve and his short theory of two devils that exist in the society. For the longer run, the monetarist view can also be taken into account when we will see UAE economy will try to reduce its rate of unemployment. The offered higher wages will ultimately be raising the cost of production in the long run and instantly growing inflation continuing the trend the economy showed for the pat years. This will result in falling income levels and higher rate of unemployment as the withdrawal and injection approach suggests (Menafn, 2009). Experts suggest that the above economies should try to reduce their rate if inflation especially in case of UAE. This may reduce the unemployment level and the levels of income will eventually raise giving people higher living standards. As for Saudi Arabia expert suggests the government to precede with its investment projects and attract other investors from throughout the world. As the current account of Saudi Arabia has been greatly affected by the rising oil prices, Saudi government should concentrate on developing trade and other export product that may cover the current account deficit (John, 2010).

Things Fall Apart Essay -- Essays Papers

Things Fall Apart Opposites do not Attract In Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, Mr. Brown, the first missionary in Umuofia, was a kind and respectful man. Not to say that Reverend James Smith was not, but his degree of kindness and respect were present in a whole different level. They both wanted to convert the lost, all those in Umuofia that were not in the church. Mr. Brown made friends with the clan and â€Å"trod softly on his faith,† (pg.178) while Mr. Smith told them how things were in a harsh voice and tried to force his religion on the people of Umuofia. The impacts the two had on the people and the church were exact opposites. Mr. Brown was â€Å"very firm in restraining his flock from the clan† (pg. 178) and learned from talking to those within the group that â€Å"a frontal attack on the clan would not succeed† (pg.181). Because of this insight he gained great respect with many of the high officials. Once he was even â€Å"presented with a carved elephant tusk, which was a sign of great dignity and rank† (pg.179) by Akunna. With this earned admiration he was able to open not only a town store, but a hospital and a school as well. He pleaded for the clan to send their children and all others who wanted to, to attend his school. At first everyone was reluctant to explore this new option for education. Those that chose to attend Mr. Brown’s school would not only learn how to read and write, but they would also learn how to fight back against th...

Answers Case of Abdala and Korman Essay

1. With whom do you agree here-Abdala or Korman? I don’t agree with any of them because both made mistakes that created the situation. 2. What mistakes do you think each party made? One of the mistakes made by both of them was the fact that both could not refrain from insulting one another. If one or the other would have simply been the bigger person and stopped responding, the situation may have not gotten out of hand. But if we focused on each of their mistakes firstly Abdala’s Mistakes: -She should have used any other channel of communication for delivering her decision to not accept the job offer. For instance, she could have scheduled a day to go by and tell Korman in person. Personal face to face conversations make the world a lot easier and closes the door for any misunderstandings. And if we looked into Korman’s Mistakes: -He could have accepted her offer in rejection respectfully instead of going as far insulting her and her method of delivery. – What happened between he and Abdala should have stayed between them. -Not having a job offer contract in writing for future credibility, which is basically the abc method in each job. 3. Do think this exchange will damage Abdala’s career? Korman’s Firm? Yes, it will definitely damage her career because it is never a good idea to burn bridges with people. Especially that Korman has his own firm and experience in prosecutions, Abdala may have ruined all of her chances at even having him being her counselor. And about Korman’s firm, his unprofessionalism may gain him a reputation, but not as much damage will be done to his firm. If he is responding to offer rejections the way he did with Abdala, he could miss out on an opportunity to later hire†¦ 4. What does this exchange tell you about the limitations of e-mail? Email conversations in general are formal way of communicating when used in business, so we can never mix a friendly email with formal business one or else there will be huge misunderstandings in the process, the email limits us to be more professional while working so it is beneficial if used in the right manner.

The Travel of Sir John Mandeville

The Travel of Sir John Mandeville Mandeville’s travels can be regarded as a pastiche of facts taken from various sources because the author is unlikely to travel east and witness such incredible events. Despite the fact that the narration does not contain any information about the author, it still manages to convey the world reminding of the remarkable journeys of Christopher Columbus, Jonathan Swift, and Sir Thomas More.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Travel of Sir John Mandeville specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The world represented by Mandeville personifies a thoughtful product where the author discovers himself as a tentative, skeptical, and curious person who presents strange and mysterious medieval world. While retelling his stories, the author often conveys mysterious stories about the events that happened to the pilgrims. Specific attention requires journey from Cyprus to Jerusalem, a story in which the author focuses on the marv els happening on their way. At the very beginning, the story starts with the story about Cyprus, a place where red vine becomes white after a year. Although such an example is both strange and attractive for the readers, the interpretation is still based on truthful facts. With regard to the imaginary recollection of the travels, the author resorts to the magic realism as a literary style. Aside from miraculous things that happen to vines from Cyprus, Mandeville accounts on the creatures – â€Å"papyonns† – big dogs that men take with them for hunting. The description of dogs goes beyond real frames because they are compared with lions, leopards, and wild beasts that can hardly remind of typical dogs. So, the animals on Cyprus have been represented as mysterious, even mythological creatures endowed with supernatural powers. Apart from supernatural creatures, Mandeville’s view of Cyprus is closely associated with stereotypical view on Greek culture, where the main emphasis is placed on divine origins of everything that is created in this land. The description of cities is close to the description of divine kingdom.Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is of particular concern to the city of Famagost, the â€Å"principal haven† in which people from all nations arrive. The religious motifs are also presented in accounting on the city of Akon, near which the prophet Elijah lived. Although the story does not respond to the actual reality, the author manages to grasp the peculiarities of culture and traditions of the explored land. In the author’s opinion, the religious marvels cannot be regarded as miracles; neither can natural powers be considered as surreal. In fact, such a description points to the testimonies that nature introduces to the power and grace of the divine will. In general, Cyprus is describ ed as a fabulous, beautiful Island with large cities and incredible nature. It is full of noteworthy places that are linked to saints and religious symbols. Delivering the information received during pilgrimage is important for understanding the perspective from which the author perceives alien cultures. Despite the depiction of supernatural creatures, the author manages to render the accurate distance between cities. In such a manner, the book reflects the mixture of the author’s imagination and his factual knowledge on the Greek culture. What is more important is that the proposed account does not provide a logical and consistent narration and precise guidance. Rather, the veritable intention lies in using the Book as an exciting journey across lands that differ from other culture. Absence of details proves that the author had never travelled to these places.

Cable is better than Satellite Speech

Cable is better than Satellite Speech Introduction In the early days of Cable TV, many people would not have taken cable seriously given that many people doubted whether people would pay for something they could get for free. In its initial period cable was seen as only useful for people who lived in areas with limited access to free to air TV. Today Cable has become a big business as it now competes with satellite TV in the provision of television services. Since consumers always want the best there has been a great controversy on what is better; is it cable TV or Satellite. While Satellite has its advantages such as better reception quality, and better interactive controls, it has to be acknowledged that cable offers more in terms of pricing, equipment, and programming. Equipment The equipment used for cable is relatively cheaper than satellite equipment. Cable is usually advantageous to users who feel that they do not need digital programming as only a television set is required to start receiving signals from cable as opposed to satellite. For subscribers who prefer digital programming they will have to purchase a TV converter box and a remote the same as satellite (Keating 273). Cable has the advantage over satellite in that it does not require set top boxes for each TV as satellite does. Cable is also less cumbersome than satellite since satellite TV usually requires the installation of dishes or a set of dishes in order to be connected. Satellite also comes with digital video recorders which the client has to pay for upfront as opposed to the equipment of Cable which belongs to the cable company and the client is not required to make payments towards it. Satellite dishes are cumbersome and present a degree of danger since they have to be installed on the roof or wall of the residence. Satellite dishes are also present challenges in some areas since they require unobstructed locations which may be hard for people who rent houses as they may live in houses in which an obstructed view is impossible leading to poor quality or no signal at all (Luckham and Wedell 35). Some landlords may also not take kindly to the installation of satellite dishes on their houses which makes cable more suitable. Cable TV is more advantageous to clients whose TVs have cable slots since, they would only be required to subscribe for an access card from a service provider and start enjoying cable. Recent offerings of cable are however disposing of the mode of having a card in order to subscribe to cable. The most recent offerings of High Definition TV are made without the slot for the cable card meaning that cable is more convenient than satellite which is cumbersome. Satellite TV usually requires a digital telephone cable which is used in managing the pay per view services. Cable on the other hand employs the use of the same cable that is used to transmit signals as the line for communication between the client and the company; this makes communication between the cable companies easier than that of the satellite companies (Long 76). Programming Cable has an edge over satellite in programming since it can offer more than three hundred channels whose quality is digital. Satellite on the other hand has a capacity of over two hundred and fifty channels even as it may lack some local channels in some areas. Alternatively cable provides more variety and has most local channels in every locality and even provides a larger number of pay per view programs. In recent times it has become a common practice for cable companies to provide programs upon demand. Many cable companies have an in-house library from which subscribers demand and subscribe programs which can be watched at the client’s pleasure (Whitaker 39). High definition TV which used to be a preserve of satellite TV is also nowadays becoming available on cable making it more attractive. Cable is in the aspect of programming advantageous than satellite in that while satellite offers packages based on the whole of the channels offered with cable people get to pay only f or the channels subscribed to or on demand. When it comes to HD programming, both cable and satellite offer ever more variety of programs in high definition TV. A majority of both cable and satellite providers have no charges on the provision of high definition broadcast of the giant broadcasting corporations for instance CNN, Fox and ABC. It is the more specialty based networks such as MTV Base, ESPN and MOJO which usually attract high fees. While most satellite providers usually charge high for the broadcasters, cable is usually better in that it offers high definition versions of some of the major specialized broadcasters such as MyTV and PBS as part of their basic packages (Ciciora 137). Cable offers an advantage in programming in that high definition TV is usually better in terms of channel selection than satellite. Cable offers a possibility of getting local channels which may not be accessible from an off air broadcast TV satellite. Cable provides sports enthusiasts with the offering of regional sports networks in high definition while most satellite networks do not offer these channels. Picture Quality Both satellite and cable TV have the capacity to provide picture that are of the same quality. In practice however this does not happen since different companies offer different levels of picture quality. Picture quality is usually a function of the intensity of compression that is applied by the provider during transmission of the signal to subscribers. Both satellite and cable make use of MPEG-2 and MPEG-4 technology in signal compression. These are technologies which result to data loss in the course of compression (Keating 98). The signal quality that is delivered by the service provider most of the time depends on the compression applied. More compression usually results to more degradation of the signal quality and vice versa. Since most cable companies rely on one digital platform to transmit the digital signal and at the same time for two way communication with the subscriber it would seem to be rational that they would have poor picture quality as compared to satellite. In the past, cable companies inevitably had to offer poorer picture quality since they had to use more compression in order to transmit the large amounts of information in the small digital space available. Cable companies have had problems with increasing capacity since it was a costly affair. Since 2010, cable companies have started the migration to MPEG-4 AVC which is a platform that offers more bandwidth and doubles their transmission capacity (Long 87-93). A recent poll conducted by PR Newswire showed that cable was increasingly the choice for subscribers over cable in instances of clients who preferred high definition viewing. Satellite companies have been offering the highest quality high definition picture which was transmitted upon the Standard Definition platform. The survey between a cable provider and a satellite provider showed that a sixth f the respondents had a preference for cable as they deemed its high definition pictures to be of higher quality (Whitaker 198-203). Another aspect that in which cable has an advantage over satellite in picture quality is the effect of weather. Satellite picture, even if of better or same quality as the cable, is usually affected by weather conditions in the path of transmission and in the final destination. Conclusion A decision on whether to switch or not to switch is usually upon the individual subscriber. While satellite may have led the way in many aspects of pay TV, Cable TV is slowly but surely catching up and proving to be better in some aspects previously the domain of satellite TV. Technological innovation has made Cable to improve it picture quality through he adoption of the MPEV-4 technology hence making it a leader in the provision of high definition TV. Cable also offers more in programming through the provision of more of local content which satellite does not. Cable is also less cumbersome and expensive as it has less equipment which needs to be installed for a subscriber to star using the service. Additionally cable offers more convenience through its offering of programs on demand and on pay per view as opposed to satellite which charges for the whole range of its undifferentiated channels. It is thus evident that cable has much to offer compared to satellite in terms of equipmen t programming and picture quality.

Kristopher Scholl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kristopher Scholl - Essay Example leaders have dazzling social intelligence, gusto for any change, and to crown it all, a vision that enables them to focus their sights on issues that really benefit the attention of the followers (Greenleaf & Spears, 1998). A higher authority is necessary for regulating and supervising other people as well as setting an example of a dedicated and a hard worker. Any effective leader should possess competence, courage, and compassion. Character as majorly discussed, is possibly the most significant characteristic a leader should have. An individual’s real character is who they happen to be when they are placed to face difficult scenarios. It is the morality and the decisions of a great leader that awards them the respectable character that other people seek to follow. Having character is essential for any leader since a leader requires that capability to see what others are unable to see, the needed sacrifices that should be made, even if it means that the sacrifices are of their own or a different individuals. Most of historical effective leaders are crowned charismatic; this may bring the need to define charisma, whether it is inborn or attained somewhere in life. At the same time if all charismatic leaders are generally effective. Basically, charismatic leaders are very skilled in their communication styles (Greenleaf & Spears, 1998). These are persons who are born verbally eloquent, at the same time they are able to communicate to most of their followers on an emotional, deep level. These are leaders who are capable of articulating a captivating or a compelling vision, and have the power to arouse very strong emotions in most of their followers. Charisma is basically a process. An interaction that takes place between the leader and the followers and the situation that calls out for the leader such as a need for change or settles a crisis. Most political leaders develop the needed skills to communicate to their followers or even convince the donors, this

Math Problem Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Math Problem - Speech or Presentation Example According to the rejection rule, if the value of Z calculated by the test statistic lies in critical area, then we reject the null hypothesis in favour of alternative hypothesis. On the other hand, if the value of test statistic does not fall in critical area then null hypothesis is accepted and alternative hypothesis is rejected. The given test is a left tailed test. The significance value given in the question is 0.05, so the z-score corresponds to 0.05 is -1.645. The critical area for the given testing is the area less than -1.645 or the area left to the -1.645. In the particular z-test, the value of test statistic -1.56 is greater than -1.645, that is why it does not lie in rejection region, so null hypothesis is accepted and alternative hypothesis is rejected. The above test shows that the population mean price for used Motor Bikes at the dealership is $A 20,000. The statistical assessment shows that the sample of 100 used cars has actually helped the manager of the company to determine the actual mean price of used cars in the market. This statistical data analysis can be used in future to determine the potential prices of the cars. In future the manager can use historical pricing data to price the products and it will be recognised as historical based pricing methodology. For example, in future if the manager of Brisbane Motor Bike wants to determine the potential price of its specific model motor bike, he can collect the sample of same model motor bikes from the market and he can determine the potential price for the bike. The price data can be collected from the market. In this way, the manager will not only be able to price his products rightly but he will be also able to keep his prices market competitive, thereby, attracting

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice Dissertation

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice - Dissertation Example Two specialised assignments afforded me such opportunities. The first involved preparing and delivering a Teaching Session to my peers on a topic of clinical interest that related to my work at the trust. After the session I analysed both the content and the process of the Teaching Session. The second assignment involved interviewing a Lead Health Professional in an area related to the topic of the Teaching Session. Afterwards I assessed and reviewed the interview as a function of local and national health care policies such as Clinical Governance and for the subject matter discussed. The topic of both my Teaching Session and the interview with the Lead Health Professional related to controlling the transmission of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA infection and control is a significant public health threat in the UK, a topic of which students should be aware, and one about which senior leaders have much to say. I became interested in the topic during my placement at a trust in London. Since then have maintained a keen eye for mention of it in the media and, as discussed in Part II of the Portfolio, have decided to take action to try to get my trust to implement one of the particularly significant MRSA control programmes. The Portfolio is divided into two parts, plus Appendices. Each part is a comprehensive assessment and analytic essay, complete with a References section with more than 15 references per essay.For ease of evaluation, the References for Part One immediately follow the essay for Part One., rather than being presented in a consolidated reference section at the end of the entire portfolio as in standard for essays and research projects. The Portfolio's two parts, Summary, and Appendices include: Part One - Evaluation of a Teaching Session Part Two - Assessment of an Interview with a Lead Health Professional Portfolio Summary Appendix A - Interview Record Appendix B - Notes and Details of the Interview with the Secretary General of the Royal College of Nursing As evidenced in each essay individually, and my summary comments, the Portfolio project had a significant impact on my perception of nursing, and of myself as a nurse. Fortunately, it was all positive and certainly helped me grow. Part One - Reflections on a Teaching Session The Teaching Session provided me an opportunity both to teach and to learn. Although I was the teacher as I presented the material to the students, I also learned a lot, about teaching, about my chosen topic, and about myself as I took on a previously unfamiliar role. This essay, a critical reflection on the many aspects of the Teaching Session experience, is divided into seven parts: Rationale Planning Preparation Delivery Evaluation/Feedback Action Plan for the Future Whilst I thing the Teaching Session went well, it also heightened my awareness of ways I can be a more effective teacher, to one person or a hundred. Rationale During clinical practice, I noticed that infection control standards, especially staff hand washing techniques following care for patients with MRSA, were inconsistent. Standards were not evidence-based, likely not reflecting best practices. Given the importance of proper hand washing techniques in arresting MRSA transmission, I decided MRSA and proper hand washing techniques would be the topic of my Teaching Session. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a form of the Staphylococcus aureus organism resistant to commonly used antibiotics (About MRSA: What is MRSA). As Eaton (2005) notes, hand

Global Warming and its Effects Essay Example for Free

Global Warming and its Effects Essay There is no doubt that our world has been warming up. Eleven out of the past twelve years, that is, 1995 to 2006, have been ranked among the twelve â€Å"warmest years since 1850 (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4,† 2007). † Humans did not keep systematic records of temperature before 1850; nevertheless, scientists are confident that there is something terribly wrong with the steady increase of global surface temperature between 1995 and 2006. The evidence of global warming includes the shrinking of beautiful mountain glaciers in many parts of the world; thawing of permafrost; the early breakup of lake as well as river ice; lengthening of growing seasons (especially mid to high latitude); shifting of animal, insect and plant ranges; early flowering of trees; early emergence of insects and egg laying of birds; changes in ocean currents as well as patterns of precipitation; and the increasing lifetimes and intensities of tropical storms in several regions of the globe (â€Å"Climate Change 2007,† 2007). Seeing that the poorest people of the world are rather dependent on a hospitable as well as stable climate for their crop growing needs in addition to the gathering of natural resources, it is vital to understand climate change before attempting to manage it. Poor people are reliant on the monsoon seasons, for example, but climate change is about to turn their lives around. Moreover, it is the poorest people of the world that are most vulnerable to the destruction caused by natural disasters. The Asian tsunami of 2004 provides evidence of this phenomenon. Increase in drought frequency in Africa is another reason why policymakers around the globe must consider decisions that would have a long-term impact on humanity. Other examples of the destruction caused by climate change to the poor communities in particular include the effects of Katrina in the United States and the heat wave that was experienced by Europeans in 2003. As these examples reveal, poor people in rich societies are also vulnerable to the devastating effects of global warming (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Additionally, the effects of global warming are expected to vary across the globe. According to a publication of the United Nations Environment Programme: While the Earth’s climate has varied throughout the prehistoric ages, the last few decades have witnessed a global climate disruption that is unprecedented over the recent millennia, a period of relative climatic stability during which civilization emerged. Some regions, particularly the Arctic, will be more affected by climate change than others closer to the equator. In many regions, the agricultural sector will be particularly affected. The combination of high temperatures and decreased soil moisture projected for parts of Africa will be particularly hard to adapt to (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). The publication of the UNEP, â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4,† also describes the main responsibility that human beings must assume for global warming: that, in fact, humans have placed great pressure on the climate system with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse gas that is mainly responsible for climate change appears to be carbon dioxide, primarily originating from the consumption of fossil fuels. But, other gases are similarly responsible for climate change. According to the report: â€Å"Since the dawn of the industrial age, the concentrations of these gases have been steadily increasing in the atmosphere (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). † Overly excited about their achievements during and after the golden Industrial Age, human beings did not realize that materialism and greed could even be responsible for ending their existence on Earth in the near future. Indeed, if climate change is not managed through effective, global environmental policies at present, huge natural disasters may very well finish off all life on our planet. As it is, global warming is accompanied by spells of really high temperatures that are known to destroy life through heat stress in addition to air pollution. In June 2003, Europe experienced such a spell. It raised temperatures twenty to thirty percent higher than the average temperatures during summer. What is more, the spell covered a huge portion of the European continent, from Germany to Italy, and from the north of Spain to Czech Republic. With social as well as economic impacts, besides its environmental impacts, the heat wave presented heavy losses to the European continent. In point of fact, thirty thousand European people lost their lives during June 2003. Forestry and agricultural production were impaired; forests were burned; crop cycles were disrupted; nuclear reactors cooled by water from rivers had to be closed; demand for electricity could not be met; and the stability of rocks was affected (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europe,† 2004). Europe had experienced significant development during the Industrial Age, although it did not have any power over the heat wave of 2003. More importantly, perhaps, it is evident that the European Union would now play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The heat wave of 2003 served as a warning for the entire continent to begin taking serious action against greenhouse gas emissions, while enjoying the fruits of the Industrial Age even in the twenty first century (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave†). As bad as the European heat wave of 2003 was, there is no way for it to compete with the rising average temperatures in the Arctic. In fact, temperatures in the Arctic are â€Å"rising almost twice as rapidly as in the rest of the world (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). † Sea ice and glaciers in the Arctic are presently melting, while the permafrost temperatures are rising. In Siberia and Alaska, permafrost is also melting. This is expected to release methane into the Earth’s atmosphere from the frozen hydrates. Scientists are aware that fifty million years back, a large amount of methane was released into the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures around that time must have risen approximately five to seven Celsius. Additionally, scientists have determined that it took approximately one hundred and forty thousand years for the atmosphere to return to its normal state after the initial release of methane (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Perhaps, therefore, the effects of global warming would remain with us for a very long period of time. Our future generations would have to suffer because of the excessive greenhouse gas emissions that our generation has been held responsible for. Other effects of global warming include increased changes in precipitation around the world. While wet regions are experiencing more rain, the dry areas of our world are turning more arid than before. In addition, regions like Africa with â€Å"the lowest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions† are projected to suffer most due to these changes (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). As a matter of fact, water scarcity is projected to become a dangerous problem for the African people in the days to come (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Global warming is also increasing â€Å"intense tropical cyclone activity,† especially in the North Atlantic (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). This has been going on since 1970, and is definitely associated with increases in the surface temperatures of tropical seas. Furthermore, there is evidence of increased tropical cyclone activity in certain regions of the world where it is difficult to gather high quality data. In any case, over the past thirty five years the number of Class 4 and 5, high intense storms, has almost doubled. These storms are now occurring in virtually all ocean basins. Of a certainty, our world would warm up even more because of this activity in the deep (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). It is time, therefore, for all countries of the world to seriously consider the kinds of policies that could reverse the damage caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Humans have no control over unknown natural powers that may be causing climate change. Even so, they instinctively know the route they must take so as to help all living beings on the planet. The UNEP publication, â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4† refers to our world as a â€Å"one planet economy,† where all resources must be shared. So even though the Africans did not pollute the environment as much as the Americans and the Europeans during the Industrial Age, they must suffer because they did not even consider advising the Americans and the Europeans to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Of course, they were in no position to advise the polluters. Global warming has been showing its severe effects only now – a time when the world seems to have accepted the idea that life on Earth may end pretty soon if human beings do not stop harming the environment. References Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basics. (2007, Feb 5). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://ipcc-wg1. ucar. edu/wg1/docs/WG1AR4_SPM_Approved_05Feb. pdf. Global Environmental Outlook 4: Environment for Development. (2007). United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://www. unep. org/geo/geo4. Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europe. (2004, Mar). United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://www. grid. unep. ch/product/publication/download/ew_heat_wave. en. pdf.

Christopher J.H. Wright Essay -- Religion, Jesus, Old Testament

Introduction In the book by Christopher J.H. Wright, Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament, the author argues the very existence of Jesus Christ in the New Testament is portrayed within the Old Testament. Wright writes, â€Å"the deeper you go into understanding the Old Testament, the closer you will come to the heart of Jesus† (ix). Wright explains many Christians love Jesus, but do not know much about the Scriptures that He read. This is the author’s intention of the book, bringing the readers to a deep understanding of the Old Testament and gaining a greater understanding of Jesus. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critique Wright’s work along with presenting the strengths and weaknesses of the book. Wright has a profound love for the Old Testament Scriptures and wants to portray that to his readers. Wright studied Old Testament economic ethics for his doctorate at Cambridge, England. His book, God’s People in God’s Land came from his doctoral work. His passion for the Old Testament is demonstrated by two other works that focus on God the Father and the Holy Spirit in light of the Old Testament. Summary Wright asserts the understanding of Jesus starts with Matthew 1:18. It is the previous 17 verses that most do not regard as it is just a list of names. These names, Wright says, are part of a much larger story and without recognizing these names one cannot fully understand Jesus (1). The story is that of the Old Testament and the genealogy links the Old and New Testaments together. Wright says, â€Å"The Old Testament tells the story which Jesus completes† (2). Wright continues to break down the genealogy and reaches back to Abraham to proclaim that through Abraham, all nations of the earth will be blessed (4). Th... ... of Jesus while trying to convey his true identity (142-158). Less space could have been given concerning the names of Jesus while still reflecting the point Wright was trying to convey. While more ground is covered than needed, the author, as Long states, presents the information in an engaging manner. Conclusion Wright brings his readers through the Old Testament so they can have a greater understanding of Jesus. He presents the information in an engaging manner, but at times Wright can overstate his purpose. Pastors and lay people alike can benefit from reading Wright’s book as he brings people closer to Jesus by deepening their understanding of the Old Testament. This review has outlined the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s book to give readers an insight into Wright’s theological perspective of the Old Testament in light of the New Testament.

Charles Darwin’s Theory Essay

Charles Darwin contributed to the field of evolutionary biology were: non-constancy of species, branching evolution, occurrence of gradual change in species, and natural selection. Each of his contribution became the foundation of evolutionary biology and can be seen in the wild very commonly. Non-constancy can be observed though variation in the offspring. For example, different sized beaks in finches display variation in the species and therefore, non-constancy. This can cause change in the gene pool of a species over time. Many evidence of branching evolution can be seen in the anatomy of different species like homologies and vestigial structures. In whales, the hip bones are similar to humans which indicates the common ancestry between the two species. Gradual change is displayed by the fossil records of many species. Older fossil records have some small differences from the newer fossil records which can be used to prove gradual change in species over time. These changes occur due to mutation and are picked out by the natural selection. These mutations accumulate over time and cause the species to look drastically different after many decades. Natural Selection picks out individuals better suited for the environment and allows them to reproduce and pass on their gene while unsuited individuals die without passing on their gene. Natural selection occurs every time a predator feeds on the weakest, slowest, worst camaflouged, or most un-adapted prey. This allows the gene pool of the species to evolve and shed off undesired genes. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assumes that the allele frequency stays constant over time. The equation presumes there is no genetic flow, no mutation, no natural selection, random mating, and a large population. Hardy-Weinberg equation is used as a null hypothesis to determine if evolution is occurring in the species. Punctuated Equilibrium shows a sudden change in a species gene pool usually due to an environmental disaster after a long period of no change in the gene pool. This idea is demonstrated by the rise of mammals and the downfall of reptiles and other organisms. References: Campbell, Neil, and Reece, Jane. AP EDITION BIOLOGY. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005.

The Tell-Tale Heart Essay

Suspenseful, nerve-racking, tense, and scary are all words that can be used to describe The Tell-Tale Heart. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is a dark, eerie story filled with suspense and tension. Anyone who has read this story would be able to describe it using similar words; but that is not all that it is filled with. The Tell-Tale Heart is a horror short story filled with many different literary devices and many examples to go along with them. This essay will be on three of the many literary devices used in this story; imagery, repetition, and humor.One of the many literary devices used by Poe in this story is imagery. Imagery is used to create a vivid picture in your mind. It allows the reader to visualize the setting and/or actions in the story. Poe uses imagery very frequently in this story. An example of this would be when the narrator snuck into the old man’s bedroom and accidentally woke him up, and then shone the light from the lantern onto the â€Å"vulture eye. † â€Å"When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little–a very, very little crevice in the lantern.So I opened it– you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily– until, at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye. † This example explains how carefully the narrator shone the light on the old man’s eye. â€Å".. at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye† is an example of imagery. Poe is trying to give the reader a visual of how the ray of light was so thin and precise on the old man’s eye.This example describes the light coming out of the lantern in such vivid detail that the reader can imagine exactly what the light looks like. This literary device is important because if the reader can visualize exactly what is goin g on, it may help to trigger some emotions and picture the story as the writer intended. Another literary device often used by Poe in this story is repetition. Repetition is used by authors frequently because it adds more atmosphere to the story by adding emotion; in this case, suspense and fear. A week before the murder, every night around midnight the narrator would open the door to the old man’s bedroom.â€Å"And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it–oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly–very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. † In four sentences, repetition was used twice to describe how carefully the narrator would open the door and make his way inside to see the ol d man’s â€Å"evil eye†.The author may have chosen to use repetition for this scenario because in the narrator’s point of view, he is risking getting caught by the old man. If he got caught sneaking into the room, this could have ruined the narrators plans to murder the old man or things could have gotten out of control. When repetition is being used, the reader slows down slightly. This is because the author wants us to feel the tension and suspense that the character is feeling. All the emotion triggered by repetition causes the reader to anticipate what happens next. The third literary device used by Poe is Humor.Humor is used to alleviate a tough situation. An example of humor in The Tell-Tale Heart would be when the narrator was cleaning up the remains of the old man’s dead body. â€Å"There was nothing to wash out–no stain of any kind–no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all–ha! ha! † Thi s example explains that there was no blood to be wiped up because it was all in the tub. The humor behind this is when he laughs at the end. Throughout the entire story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is not insane.But doesn’t laughing at the fact that you murdered someone without creating a mess make you a little insane? Where is the humor in taking away someone else’s life? Poe demonstrates the humor in this story in many other ways and they all lead to one assumption; the narrator is insane. Humor is important in the story because it keeps the atmosphere of this story consistent. The way Poe used humor in this story successfully makes the mood tense and makes the reader eager to keep reading due to the suspense they are feeling. These three literary devices helped to shape the story in a very powerful way.The way Poe used imagery, repetition, and humor were magnificent because by using these literary devices, Poe made the reader feel the suspe nse and tension the character in the story was feeling. Poe also triggered emotions inside of the reader. This is very, very important because it is a gateway for the reader to relate to the story. If the reader can relate to the story then their opinion on it is almost always positive. Poe is a brilliant man who used many literary devices to support his story. By doing so he achieved success by getting through to his readers using emotions.