Face-to-Face Communication Is a Better Way of Communication Essay

Imagine that your sweetheart keeps talking to you through telephone, the Internet or letters and refuses to meet you face to face even for a meal, what will you do? If I were you, I must be getting crazy! But things like this often happen in nowadays’ society. With the development of communication industry, people are getting used to various so-called fast ways of communication. Personally, however, no matter how fast and convenient those other communication modes can be, I think we should never abandon the most original way of communication—face-to-face communication, which is more vivid, interactive and easier for us to promote relationships with others. Face-to-face communication can make it more fun and vivid to talk to others, because it contains much more nonverbal languages than other ways of communication. When you talk to a person face to face, you make eye contacts with each other, by which both of you can exchange your inside emotions. Furthermore, by observing the person’s gestures, you can also dope out his personalities and decide what kind of person he is. And maybe the least important one is that, as the old saying goes,† all men search for beauty†, you can view the appearance of the person you are talking to, which might cause you rub out the birth of love if both of you are satisfied with each other’s appearance. All of these make it attachable for us to feel the person we are talking to is a real and touchable individual. There are times when you have to deliver exact information to other people, and at such times face-to-face communication will be your first choice, because it creates an interactive and efficient conversation. Firstly, when you are talking to a person face to face, both of you can raise questions about anything you can’t understand, so that the other person involved can explain it clearly in time, which contributes a lot to eliminate the misunderstandings and barriers of your communication. Secondly, a person’s tone and voice can suggest his present mood, which can make it easier for you to perceive his subtle changes of emotion. Finally, in face to face communication, you can tell whether the words the person spoke are authentic through observing his facial expression , which can also ensure that the person you are talking to is a faithful one. All of these can make your talking more successful and efficient especially when you are negotiating with someone. Maybe the biggest advantage of face-to-face communication s that it can deepen your relationship with others, because it can kill the distance among people. When communicating face to face, you can see the smile on the person’s face, which will make you feel warm and kind; you can hug each other when you’re getting excited; and even a handshake can make you feel the respect from the other person. All that can make you get closer to each other, which may be hardly made attachable by communicating through telephone or e-mail. For instance, we are far away from home as college students, even if we call our parents almost everyday, we still feel homesick and lonely. Why? Because telephone can never make us feel as close as meeting each other face to face. And so does it among friends, if we don’t meet each other face to face as often as possible, we will soon feel that our relationships are getting cold. In conclusion, with all factors taken into consideration, I totally agree that face to face communication is better than any other type of communication. Now, try to communicate with people face to face and you will find it more colorful and efficient than calling others through telephone or greeting each other just by sending an e-mail!

Planning Human Resource Essay

Human resource planning has a major role to meet the company objectives in professional and efficient comportment. In this case study planning process is to meet the short term, by having the right people and the right skills of workforce to supply demands of the new contract at the same time to adjust staffing change for long term objectives. As an HR manager main role is to meet business needs through workforce planning. Part of the planning is to investigate and gather information where the company stands now where we want to take it and how to do that. I can employ the Manpower requirement approach for Human resource planning, to analyse the current situation and estimate future needs and implement the new strategy. The manpower requirement approach enables the HR to investigate the quality and the quantity of the existing workforce and analyse the company situation, forecast an adequate number of skilled manpower to satisfy future needs and achieve targets. 1- Analyse the current workforce: to learn about employees profile, expertise, age education, roles and gather information about staff rotation, this data base permit the company to evaluate the core competences and the power of it is human capital, identify surplus or shortage for short term and long term targets and measure it up with the company objectives and capabilities to appraise the current productivity, Moreover to evaluate the corporate strategy alignment with the vision and mission. 2- Forecast future manpower: identify supply and demand. Expect the quantity and characteristics of the manpower in demand for future needs based on projecting employer past trends. Using previous trends of employment of a specific qualifications and expertise employed earlier in the past years by the company to ensure productivity. â€Å"In this approach an attempt is made to forecast future requirements of educated manpower to fulfil a future target of Gross National Product (GNP) or specified targets of industrial production†. (According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010) Predict directions and development in each size of individual sectors of the economy. Use series of data and historical trends to acquire the ratio between the growth of the skills of the workforce and output growth. This method allow to associate experienced manpower and their productivity influencing the economic growth in a specific sector. According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010, â€Å"the fundamental axioms of manpower requirements approach is that there is a definite link between the education and the economic growth and the lack of skilled manpower in required number impedes growth†. Analyse and estimate the requirements of educated manpower to develop and advance, by assessing different factors engagement level, wastage and recession rate. Estimate the level of labour force participants by comparing the participant’s rates and the number of graduates for a specific occupation. The main strengths of this method are estimating and comparing the demand and supply over a period of time in a specific economy and correlate this with the total population level of employment and production. Moreover this approach helps the company to identify future needs for development and training allowing them to categorise. According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010,† this approach assess the skill requirements to achieve any predetermined economic growth, and to gear the expansion of educational system to provide the needed education and training† However there are some flaws in the Manpower Requirements approaches. The first limitation: The Manpower requirement approach, link skilled manpower to a specific occupation task, however it’s limited to be valid since it is not including the price and the cost of formal training and education to produce such educated level required, and it can only be relevant to developing countries, where high proportion of manpower have obtained these skills through informal learning and job experience. According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010, â€Å"in the Indian context, it has been observed that over 30 percent of the manpower do not have the basic minimum qualification. They have reached these levels through on-the-job training and such other informal training in the requisite skills.† The second limitation: This method confirms that there are no replacements for the required skilled manpower; however we cannot expect to find in one country all jobs requiring a specific skill to be executed by manpower having the same category of education. According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010, â€Å"the educated manpower of different types are used in fixed proportions and that there no substitutions possibilities among the various categories of educated manpower†. The future is uncertain, technological and economical factors constantly changing affect the patterns of demands predicted in an earlier stage, since estimated skilled or unskilled labour force is derived from the patterns of services or goods in demand, this approach is relatively unreliable for future for long turn estimates and can produce large errors. According to Mahapatro, et al. 2010, â€Å"Any error in judgment, in this regard, will seriously affect manpower balances at a later date resulting in either excess supply or excess demand†. Flexibility For example the Audit Commission, they have developed different type of employment to meet their business needs. â€Å"†These different contracts help the Audit Commission to cope with all of its changing needs. They also help it to be flexible.† (The Times 100, 2013) The Audit Commission is constantly faced with peaks and troughs in the workload that cannot be met simply by having its employees on full-time contracts. There are situations where they need either more staff or fewer staff. By increasing or reducing staff in these situations the Audit Commission has developed numerical flexibility. (The Times 100, 2013) As we know the organisation had some success stories and some unstable situation, HR planning at this phase after winning a new contract is extremely crucial. We can learn from the Audit Commission and apply flexibility to be able to meet future business needs without raising employment cost and by avoiding downsizing. I can suggest developing and applying flexible working patterns by introducing different type of employment contracts. The internal labour market 350 employees 95% of them have permanent contract consisting the core group of the organization having the skills and knowledge to work in many roles, the abovementioned manpower enable the organisation to run the daily operation having the expertise the knowhow of the company production standards and quality, and they can meet the enquiries in an efficient ways. However the company has recently won a new contract that might implicate needs for recruitment. The existing 95% will remain on permanent contracts and will consist the 75% of the company new structure, as for the new workforce joining the company we can introduce different type of contract to hire them in order to maintain the flexibility of the organisation. They consists the first peripheral and the second peripheral. In the company situation we are examining to hire the first peripheral group that is numerically flexible and the second peripheral group that include employees on short-terms or contractors from agencies, where the organisation needs more staff, that will not by necessary after the production demands of the new contracts are met. As for a construction company that have just signed a new hotel construction project that will end in 5 years, they cannot afford to hire employees on permanent contracts for the new project, as they will have surplus after the hotel is build. In this situation by applying the new working patterns the manufacturing company can meet the new contract needs and ensure that we will not have a manpower surplus after the project is done, it is always easy to increases the number of the workforce but not simple to reduce it. Since the company have liabilities toward their workforce. The cost is extremely high to offer all its employees benefits, health insurance, schooling, bonuses and end of service indemnities. Question 2: As we have discussed before temporary workers play a significant role in current fast pace evolving industries, no matter how skilled or unskilled they are, a certain amount of training is required to make sure they can perform well the assigned tasks. We have to plan the training process and identify the gaps. According to Gomez-Mejia et al, 2012 â€Å"The trainng process consists of three phases: (1) needs assessment, (2) development and conduct of training, and (3) evaluation.† 2.1 Assessment Needs: The type of training should be linked to the organisation goals, in our organisation situation the company needs to meet the new project production needs on time efficiently without compromising the quality. By hiring the new temporary workforce, the company is not looking to develop them or invest in them, as they are only hired to assure the production for a certain period. However we need their contribution to achieve company goals and meet business demand, the required training should enable them to acquire the skills and the knowledge, by identifying a certain type of training that will ensure they are prepared to do the assigned tasks and have the complete knowledge of the company procedures and safety related issue. 2.2 Development and conduct of training We can refer to Aldi’s company case study that was experiencing a rapid expansion and needed to recruit more than 4,000 employees. It is not so easy to involve a large number of employees and engage them to the company objectives, we can examine below how Aldi’s planned to train the new workforce and make them committed to their new roles. They have chosen to provide the on-the-job-training. â€Å"On-the-job training is training that takes place while employees are actually working. It means that skills can be gained while trainees are carrying out their jobs. This benefits both employees and the business. Employees learn in the real work environment and gain experience dealing with the tasks and challenges that they will meet during a normal working day. The business benefits by ensuring that the training is specific to the job. It also does not have to meet the additional costs of providing off-the-job training or losing working time†. (The Times 100, 2013) we can use the same training approach to apply it to our organisation, as we have to be careful about the cost. At the beginning we have to introduce them to the work place they are joining, an induction training should be provided to familiarize the new group joining to the company and colleagues, this orientation ensure their understanding to the company structure and the corporate culture and we can gain their involvement from day one to the organisation objectives and goals. We are examining here the instrumental learning type. On job training approach is applicable in this case study as it is considered cost effective and does not require an expert trainer to be hired from outside the company to teach them specific skills or to provide a certain knowledge. â€Å"OJT also spares the organisation the expense of taking employees out of the work environment for training and usually the cost of hiring outside trainer, because employees generally are capable of doing the training† †. (Gomez-Mejia et al, 2012) At the same it can deliver a clear message about the company expectation while saving time, as senior skilled staff can train new employees divided in groups depending on job requirement and the group can actually learn the required skill while conducting day-to-day activities, it allow them to observe and try. One of benefits for the company will be having skilled employees that will need less supervision to perform tasks in the future, furthermore that will increase the loyalty to the employer and employees relationships, since they will be interacting closely with the senior staff for the training period. In addition they can get guidance and learn new technologies practically rather than theorist, where most of the times theories are not so clear to be applicable. â€Å"The guided on the-job training approach helps build relationships†. (Gomez-Mejia et al, 2012). The informal training or the OJT can enhance relationships between the workforce interacting together to acquire skills and learn better about our organisation, it can be also considered as socializing activity since they can be more open and communicate easily with no barrier, this process will make effective the on-boarding new employees. â€Å"Socialization is not a single event. Rather, socialisation is the iterative process between the new employee and the organisation as the individual develop skills, knowledge, role behaviour, and adjustment to norms and values in response to needs and expectations of organisation. (Jolton et al, 2010). For the employees it helps them to be more motivated and self confident about the job, where they can gain more skills in a practical way. They can get guidance and learn new technologies practically rather than theorist, where most of the times theories are not so clear to be applicable. We have to plan carefully the On-the-Job-Training, to allow immediate benefits and reduce the unproductive breaking-in period of the new joiners. If we leave them to learn through unplanned methods employees may feel anxious unmotivated as they are not confident about their job roles and performance. Since we are aiming for temporary manpower and flexible working patterns this method is considered efficient to make them productive as quickly as possible. In addition the OJT permit to examine at early stage employees basic skills problems, for this scenario we can plan for further training for a certain group, simply it can eliminate skills deficiency. Question 3: 3.1 Benefits of Diversity at the workplace. a. Internal advantages. Emerging economy, constantly changes in lifestyle and social demands stimulate people to move from their native countries to a better place, society are becoming more diverse. One car type cannot fit to one population; diversity in choice can make a difference and appeal to everyone. By recruiting a diverse workforce we won’t be only addressing legislation or avoiding discrimination lawsuits, but we ensure engaging our stakeholders’ demands. Avoiding the stereotype in recruitment is the key success for the company to become an employer of choice. Diversity at the workplace can bring a pool of creativity and new ideas; contribution from people coming from different background can advance work and give the ability to the company to comprehend better our stakeholders’ needs and demands. People having different cultural perspectives and lifestyle can give different ideas about the same subject and convey wider exposure for the company. According to Gomez-Mejia et al, 2012, â€Å"to survive and prosper in an increasingly heterogeneous society, organisations must capitalize on employee diversity as a source of competitive advantage†. Regardless that managing employee diversity is politically correct, diverse workforce enhance better problem solving, in our manufacturing company people tend to work in groups, interacting together can solve occurring problems easier as their life experience is dissimilar and they will approach the arising problems differently. Demographic and Cultural diversity can draw more flexibility to the company culture; sharing different experiences can make the work smoother and enjoyable, since learning is wider and more open. b. External advantages A team of different people sharing life experiences and values can improve our corporate culture to become a multicultural organisation having the experience to understand better international market, this advantage can aid the company to generate more profits and widen our market. Talented people are not limited to one culture, certain age or religion, our aim is to match the right people to the right job, so why to slim our choices since we can recruit from a pool of talents. By offering equal opportunity and overlooking differences we can focus better on having the right skills, Cultural diversity at the workplace can promote competitive advantage over rivals, Moreover respecting individual diversities in recruitment can increase productivity and promote the business image. Diversity at the workplace is the key to stay competitive and to be able to cope to the fast changing economy. â€Å"Given the global nature of business today, organisations have to create very specific and effective recruitment efforts to build a deep reservoir of global as well local talent to staff all their organisational levels. (Jolton et al, 2010) As example we can spot the light to Tesco operating in UK where people from different culture and background lives. â€Å"Tesco recognises that every person is different and will bring unique talents and experiences to a role†. (The Times 100, 2013). According to Tesco; â€Å"Difference can be our strength because talent and diversity are two sides of the same coin. To focus on one while ignoring the other is like trying to run a store with no customers – it just won’t work’†. (The Times 100, 2013). 3.2 Employee Diversity Challenges. However some challenges can draw, if diversity is not correctly managed in our organisation, as we can face negative outcomes in communication and productivity Resistance to change from majority and cultural clashes may occur, people tend not to accept each other easily especially if they consider minority inferior, or not as qualified to compete for a promotion or a career development. Cultural diversity may create a barrier between majority and minorities what can affect teamwork and participation. Communication flow might be distracted; people tend to be more involved in relationships with colleagues having the same culture and background, as they share same point of view and lifestyle, minorities can be left out of the company mainstream. Minorities will start to be unmotivated and not satisfied in the work environment and significant turnover and absenteeism can face the company. Diversity can enhance creativity, however minorities being ignored and less valued, will affect their enthusiasm and involvement in the company goals and achievement, and they won’t be able to perform efficiently and effectively due to the low morale. â€Å"Conversely, the proponents of relativity argue that failure to adapt HR practices to the needs of a diverse population may alienate much of the workforce and reduce their potential contributions†. (Gomez-Mejia et al, 2012) References: 1- Mahapatro,. Bhussan,B., 2010. Human Resource Management. New Delhi: New Age International Limited. Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com [Accessed 30 June 2013]. 2- The Times 100 Business Case Studies, 2013. Flexible working patterns An Audit Commission Case Study. The Times 100. Available from: http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/audit-commission/flexible-working-patterns/conclusion.html#axzz2Z2peExn1 [Accessed 3 July 2013]. 3- Gomez-Mejia,L., Balkin,D., and Cardy,R,. 2012. Managing Human Resources. Seventh Edition. United States of America. Pearson Education, Inc. 4- Jolton,J,. Lundby, K,. 2010. Going Global: Practical Applications and Recommendations for HR and OD Professionals in the Global Workplace. United States of America: Jossey-Bass. Available from: http://web.ebscohost.com [Accessed 16 June 2013].

Performance Management Essay

1. Summarize the seven (7) components of the framework for coaching and performances management, and identify which ones you require development in and why. The seven components of the frame work for coaching and performance management are the coaching relationship, insight, motivation, capabilities, real-world practice, accountability, and organizational context. The first and most important step in the performance management process is to communicate what is expected. The should also be identifications of any job related learning needs and possible ways to address these needs. There also needs to be a performance review periodically to make sure that job expectations are relevant and appropriate and revise them if needed. Managers are encouraged to do this jointly with their employees which observing and documenting their performance. Throughout the performance management cycle, you should observe your employees’ performance and identify instances of both good and poor performance. Specific events and details are important for employees to clearly understand the impact, results, and consequences of their performance. Thorough documentation will enable you to recognize good performance and help you to correct poor performance. Provide feedback you should provide frequent feedback and coaching to your employees regarding performance throughout the year. This is especially important for the employee who is performing poorly. To be effective, feedback needs to be immediate, specific, and expressed in relation to a particular outcome and expectation. Deal With Performance That Does Not Meet Expectations. You may wish to enlist the support of your manager. He/she can give you the benefit of his or her experience and provide input and support before proceeding. Also, you can use the services of your Human Resources or Labor Relations Components especially if you are contemplating disciplinary action. They will provide the procedural and regulatory guidance as well as assistance in looking at alternatives and providing resources, intervention strategies, and other support.† (Public service commission) 2. Evaluate the validity of each of the reasons provided for failure in performance management. The reasons provided for failure in performance management versus performance appraisal discipline gap, accountability, measurement scarcity or overload, lack of balance and failure to assess impact. â€Å"There are two primary purposes of performance appraisal: evaluative and developmental. The evaluative purpose is intended to inform people of their performance standing. The collected performance data are frequently used to reward high performance and to punish poor performance.† (Smither, 2009) The developmental purpose is intended to identify problems in employees performing the assigned task. The collected performance data are used to provide necessary skill training or professional development. â€Å"The purpose of performance appraisal must be clearly communicated both to raters and rates, because their reactions to the appraisal process are significantly different depending on the intended purpose. Failure to inform about the purpose or misleading information about the purpose may result in inaccurate and biased appraisal reports.† (Cascio, 1998) 3. Identify two (2) of the barriers of success that are evident in preventing successful execution of performance management in a company you know well and recommend a solution to the problems. If you have not worked with or for a company that evaluates employee performance through performance management, imagine what the problems would be based on your knowledge of the company. Be sure to provide your rationale. Future scenarios allow organizations to explore multiple potential futures and generate robust strategies and early warning signs to understand how the future is unfolding. Where a vision articulates a â€Å"preferred future,† future scenarios describe how an organization might achieve its mission in different circumstances or environments. Organizations identify a focal issue or major decision the organization faces and the critical uncertainties in the macro environment, such as social, economic, political, environmental, and technical forces. Scenarios are developed based on combinations of these forces and robust strategies are identified to address multiple futures. Finally, indicators are identified to help understand how the future is affecting the organization’s decisions. In-order to fully understand the rationale past, present, and future analysis would have to be done on different work environments in-order to generally process the full computation of how and HR performance management society would work to stay in constant communication with the employee’s skill set.

The influence film has had on violence Research Proposal

The influence film has had on violence - Research Proposal Example The video- tape of the beating, which was broadcasted repeatedly on a national news station, viewed by many, was an articulate capture of how a simple film clip can communicate a violent truth. But film is a powerful tool, even more powerful than the truth sometimes. When the police who took part in the King beating, were first bought to trial, their lawyers used the videotape to give a blow by blow account of the event, using slow motion, fast forward and rewind to prove their point: the police was using "escalation of force", which is justified by the law. The jury believed it and predisposed against the victim. This is just one example of how film actually influenced violence. It is a curious cultural clich that says pictures don't lie. But, it is even part of the greater clich that "seeing is believing". "Somehow, a thing seen directly, especially in motion or even through a visual representation like a painting, a photograph, or a film, brings us closer to some actual activity (Kolker 16)". Images, more so, in Technicolor and high definition entrance us because they provide a powerful illusion of owning a reality. "The moving image, that which is filled, was a vibrant, story- telling mechanism and meaning- generating medium (Kolker 24)". More than literature, painting or the photograph moving images express many, almost most, of people across economic and social classes. That is the catch of how film has become so appealing. The catch is a powerful tool once again. To be able to project such instances close to reality is to actually leave a greater imprint on reality itself. Films are very influential in such a way that they begrudgingly do not care what you think about it, it just plays, even if for some, it is too offensive or too violent. The choice is actually bestowed upon the readers if they would readily sit back, relax and enjoy the show or press stop, eject or off, or walk out of the movie theater. However, the bad, the ugly, the outrageous and the gory are actually more appealing to people nowadays. Violence in film has amplified, in such a way that discretion is hardly an understatement. The effect of film, to actual violence is the imprint it leads to the subconscious. The thirst for violence could actually be an addiction, more so cause viewer aggression. Short-term exposure increases the likelihood of physically and verbally aggressive behavior, aggressive thoughts, and aggressive emotions . Recent large-scale longitudinal studies provide converging evidence linking frequent exposure to violent media in childhood with aggression later in life, including physical assaults and spouse abuse. "Because extremely violent criminal behaviors (e.g., forcible rape, aggravated assault, homicide) are rare, new longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to estimate accurately how much habitual childhood exposure to media violence increases the risk for extreme violence (Bailey 106)". It is hardly that the film is to be blame, it could be innately in the person to react as such, but the film is the medium by which the stimulus is incinerated. Well-supported theory delineates why and when exposure to media violence increases aggression and violence. Film violence produces short-term increases by priming

Frankl Narration of the Concentration Camp Essay - 4

Frankl Narration of the Concentration Camp - Essay Example The introduction of the story whereby he relates the initiation with a lot of shock in the camp, the experience and adapting of the camps duties and routine and lastly he explains of the reactions of the deformity and mental anguish liberated. Frankly explains this by incorporating the ideas of the experience he persevered while he was working in a harsh condition. According to Frankl, a good life can only be attained if an individual finds the meaning of life and maneuvers over the hardships of life. He emphasizes that there are also three methods or ways in which an individual can find the meaning of the life. The first is changing the personal challenges into achievement, then establishing a need or work and finally encountering and experiencing something.Frankl never admitted the divine revelation of the bible and he argued that the salvation of mankind is through practicing the love among other peoples. Frankly accepts the fact that he wrote the book to strengthen his wife’s faith and make her see things in the perspective of reality not necessarily faith and believe as others do.Frankl was prominent in showing how those who suffer should control themselves and see the positive value of nature and not to rely on the mere faith and believe. He tries to show them how after suffering they can control their inner soul which is unlike th e lords' teachings in the bible. This portrays his character as a man who differed with the lords teaching and thus he could be compared with a pagan. In the theory of logotherapy, Frankl tried to explain that life is composed of challenges and struggles which are bad and good but a person should have motivation and courage toward being the victor. He also argues that an individual should fight against the blocks in life and derive the meaning of life through overcoming such suffering.

Human Resources Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example The job knowledge tests are based on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that may either be administered via a computer or paper and pencil. Personality tests tend to assess the candidate’s personality characteristics that relate to the job. Such factors include extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, conflict avoidance and resolution skills, and agreeableness. These tests may be based on MCQs or True/False questions and are also administered via a computer or paper and pencil. Situational judgment tests provide the candidates with situations in which they are required to tell how they would perform. These situations are usually the ones the candidates would be encountering at work. These tests may either be administered in written form or may be videotaped. These tests tend to evaluate the informed decision making skills of the candidates in tough circumstances and with very little time to make the decision. Interview is amongst the most widely employed methods of selection. Most interviews are unstructured which means that there are no definite questions and these interviews are without any agreed-upon standards of evaluation of the candidate’s performance. These interviews may be conducted face-to-face, over the phone, or in a group. Structured interviews, on the other hand, evaluate the candidate’s skills with the help of a definite set of questions previously set by the interviewer. Like the unstructured interviews, the structured interviews are also conducted either face-to-face, over the phone, or in a group. Interviewing is a technical process and requires very fine skills on the part of the interviewer for the skills of the candidate to be appropriately judged. There are certain strategies and precautions that can help an interviewer make the interview effective. Some organizations take the services of an employment agency to conduct the

Dual task experiment proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dual task experiment proposal - Essay Example Therefore determination of the effectiveness of dual or multiple tasks over single task is very important in many areas. It is interested to know whether someone can perform multiple and single auditory tasks with similar effectiveness. The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of dual auditory tasks against single auditory task. The hypothesis is effectiveness of a single auditory task is significantly higher than that of the dual auditory tasks. It is expected to find out the human ability to correctly understand and interpret two verbal messages when heard simultaneously compared to separate events. In general these findings will be helpful to understand the divided attention in auditory tasks and thereby minimize human errors in critical situations. Equipment: This experiment requires two IPod players, one with a 3-minute news broadcast containing 5 news items and one with a 3-minute meaningful song consisted of 4 stanzas, which had not been heard by the subjects before (both in English). Subjects are 60 undergraduates 30 males and 30 females between the ages 18 to 25, randomly selected from Johns Hopkins undergraduate students. Persons having any type of hearing loss or mental illness or who cannot understand the English language are excluded. Fifteen males and 15 females are selected randomly from the total sample for the controlled group and the rest is considered as the experimental group. All the participants are given a reference number. Procedure: This experiment is performed in a classroom with a quiet environment. Firstly, the controls are advised to seat in the class room and a question paper is given to list out news items and the meaning of the each stanza in the song. Then the song is played for 3 minutes and at the end 5 minutes time is allocated to write the meaning of the stanzas. Then the news broadcast is played and another 5 minutes time is provided to

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Essay

Abortion Should Be Illegal Except in Cases Where Rape, Incest, or the Health of the Mother Is Involved - Essay Example My response to this question is in the negative. A woman’s conscience does not respond to the call of abortion normally and her heart is like the oases of love. But hard and unexpected developments relating to her health drive her to that option. During the course of a medical examination, the doctor informs the pregnant mother that the growing fetus will develop physical deformities and the child will also suffer from mental disorders. By the current standards of medical billing, even to bring up a normal child is a difficult proposition (notwithstanding the insurance reimbursements) and to take care about a physically challenged child for a middle-class family is a tough option. Psychological issues will also torment the parents of such a child. Who will look after about its welfare, when the parents are no more? Many types of deformities are incurable and the modern medical system is grappling with such issues. The child’s suffering added to the suffering of the pare nts can be prevented when the mother avails the option of abortion. Abortion, just because the parents or the mother do not want the child, should be illegal. A part of the society and some of the women activists strongly plead that abortion needs to be legalized and it must be the choice of the mother to have the child or not and her decision should be final for termination of the pregnancy. But pro-life activists are not willing to accept this stand. The unwanted child can be given for adoption after completing the legal formalities. This is a good alternative from sociological considerations. Why terminate the life before it had the chance to begin its innings? God knows what the future holds for that child. That child may be credited with sterling achievements in life. But when a woman is raped, a peculiar situation develops. Such pregnancies will not be to the liking of the woman. The legal procedures may take care of the individual who commits such a heinous crime, severe punishment may be awarded, but what can compensate the woman who goes through the process of intense suffering?     

Preparation, Pre-Negotiation, Negotiate and Post Negotiation Essay

Preparation, Pre-Negotiation, Negotiate and Post Negotiation - Essay Example Negotiations will start with identification of the common concern that the parties differ on, then educating each other on the needs and interests of each party follows and finally settlement options are discussed whereby the parties will bargain on the decision to be made. Negotiations occur on all aspects of life including, businesses, government and families and its chief aim is to act as a method of dispute resolution since disputes are bound to occur because people will have varying opinions on matters affecting their undertakings every day (Moore, 2011). In this regards, negotiation will have four stages, which are aimed at ensuring successful dispute resolution and they are: preparation, pre-negotiation, negotiate and post negotiation. Pre-Negotiation This is the first stage, and it occurs because prior to negotiations a decision has to be made with regards to when, the location of the meeting and who will attend the meeting so as to there is a clearly laid out plan to avoid d elays. This stage will ensure that all the parties have intelligence on the information to be discussed so as ensure that everyone’s position is known. Pre-negotiation helps in knowing the tactics to be used so as to avoid further conflicts and ensure that time is not wasted during the actual negotiation meeting. Preparation At this stage, clarification and prioritization of the facts of the dispute are made and this helps in distinguishing the facts from assumptions in the issue of concern. Questions and test assumptions are laid down, which help considering the range of the potential outcomes of the negotiation procedure. Strengths and weaknesses of the two opposing sides are considered, and this is helpful in trying to ascertain the best outcome. The Negotiation At this stage, items on the agenda or the issue of concern are discussed and questions are used on both parties so as to control the negotiation process. This stage is aimed at seeing an end to the agreement and th e problems are discussed so as to reach the best decision. This part is crucial as failure to come to an agreement thwarts the negotiation process and people need to understand the need for motivation and negotiating behaviors so as to ensure that everyone is satisfied with the decision that has been arrived at. Post Negotiation After a negation, there needs to be a follow up so as to ensure that the conflict does not occur again, and the decision is implemented. At this stage, what has been agreed on is recorded and articulated so as it can act as a reference incase the same issue comes up again in the future. Relevant people are notified on the decision that has been made, and all the facts about the final decision including benefits and limitations are communicated. Implementation of the agreement follows, and administrative procedures are set up, which are aimed at monitoring the progress in solving the problem that existed. Finally, evaluation of the negotiating performance is conducted which ensure that the decision arrived at is viable. (2) a. Definition Of Supply Chain Management And How It Connects To Purchasing. Supply chain management refers to the procedures that an organization puts in place to ensure that goods move raw materials and are delivered to customers when they require them (Farmer, Jessop & Jones, 2008). It deals with making a product and service and ascertaining that they are delivered to the customer and it will consist of five main components. The first one

Management and University Simmons Case Essay Example for Free

Management and University Simmons Case Essay In time of economic crisis, companies are looking for innovative methods to improve production and to meet the needs of a diverse workforce in order to improve or maintain the organization’s profit margin in a stress global economy. Indeed, companies are extremely concerned about their future, as well as, preventing closure of their establishment. SimmonsCompany is no exception. However, how does a major company make those changes when tradition is the foundation of their organization and the economic status of their company is in jeopardize of folding, if the right decision is not made? The need to allocation funds for the training and development of its and employees when major debts are owed to the company; thus, threatening bankruptcy is a problem facing Simmons Company. Accordingly, there is certainly a need to change the culture and structure of the organization, if it wants to survive a depressed economy, while other organizations are advancing. In so doing, the company is considering the Great Game of Life (GGOL) whose underlying purpose is to change the dynamics of an organization in order to achieve maximum satisfaction for both the customers and employees. If customers and employees are satisfied, they are loyal, cooperative and creative, thus creating a culture conducive to the workforce. In order to establish such an environment, it is necessary to empower its workers by changing the attitude of each individual employed by Simpson Company. The program will be used to improve morality and empower the lower level of the company in performing their respective jobs in order to improve the outcome of the company. Changes are often difficult to make and, are usually resisted from the top because control of the company is centralized. The result is a poor culture and dictatorial practices. Immediate changes are normally discouraged by those in control, but gradual changes are encouraged, if done overtime or gradually phased into the daily operation of the company. Management must recognize that if changes are not made, their position might be null and void for not doing so. The question is whether changing the culture of the organization is in its best interest? Indeed, some changes must be made considering the state of fair of the company. There are several outstanding debts owed to SimmonsCompany and the debtors are threatening bankruptcy. Additionally, a major supplier has caused havoc for the production department. The need to change the culture and the way it operates is more apparent than ever before. To stay the same, means eventual failure for the company. GGOL is a great opportunity to enhance or change its culture and improve its staff’s level of expectation through effective management in order to meet the needs of today’s demanding economy. As previously mentioned, the company is already experiencing a decline in its profits margin because of its accounts receivables from customers and their major supplier has an item in the form, emitting afoul odor, causing the company to compromise production schedules and posed a serious threat to its profit margin. It would certainly influence my decision to implement GGOL at Simmons. The video was both inspirational and informative. Since diversity is a major concern for most global companies, this is not the case with Simmons. That is, it was prevalent at Simmons, as well as, their enthusiasm in working with each other at the company and for the company. Their positive attitude resonated throughout the video. It is evident from the video that they work collectively and are eager to assist others in different department, when asked to do so. Coming to work seems second nature for them. They are able to share with the upper management areas of concerns and questions, and as such, not prohibited from doing so, which was not the case in the past. In short, they are empowered to take on task without being micro-managed. Now, it is a shared vision by the top, middle, and lower levels of the company with one mission in mind to do what is in the best interest of company. The company should use the top-down and bottom-up design in implementing the GGOL program. However, the company should employ a professional evaluation team to determine which plant should be the catalyst to receive the program. After selecting the plant, the program should start at the top level of the plant because they are responsible for the day-to-day operation of the plant and if they buy into the program other levels are more willing to accept it. The top-level can assist in delivering the GGOL program to the other employees. The next level should be the middle level because they are responsible for inspiring the workers to work collectively towards a common goal, i.e., what is in the best interest of the plant. Needless to say, these individual are very reluctant to change, but must be done gradual due to their commitment to the company, embedded old core values, and long history with the company. When the worker realizes that the change is positive, their outlook improves and this attitude has a snowball effect. That is, one worker at a time starts to embrace middle management’s vision for the company. Now, the workers are willing to trust middle manager because they are open for suggestions and are encouraging empowerment of workers, unlike the past, when the decision from the top was purely totalitarianism with no questions asked or else be fired. Finally, the workers should be the last to receive the program. The middle-level can introduce the program. In so doing, it encourages team work, which will ultimately change the culture of the plant. Changes are needed and welcomed, if it benefits both the employer and employees. If this company continues to operate in a vacuum, the destiny of the company is almost sudden death with uncollectible debts arising and plant processing being restricted because of the foul odor. Emotions were running high, each level of the organization realizing the potential of closure of the company, if it did not change the culture of the organization. The old way of handling concerns and questions is pseudo at best. The company would continue to experience apathy at the workplace. Thus, the $7 million dollar investment for the training and development of personnel is an extremely prudent investment for the company. References Kotter, J. P. (1994). Leading Changes. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Leading Change at Simmons (A)http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/harvard-business-school-press/2007/change-at-simmons-part-a_1e.php Leading Change at Simmons (B)http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/harvard-business-school-press/2007/change-at-simmons-part-b_1e.php

The Marketing Strategy Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay

The Marketing Strategy Of Air Arabia Tourism Essay The company Air Arabia which is chosen in this report is a public company. This report also gives information about how the company works internally and externally. The main hub of the Air Arabia Company is in Sharjah, U.A.E and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco. This report will also give you the financial Information of the company and also about its competitors financial status like its sales, profit, and market share. Air Arabia is worlds First and Largest Low Cost Carrier (LCC) to operate in Middle East and North Africa. It operates in more than 40 countries worldwide and has segmented its target market in Middle East, Indian Subcontinents, South and Central Asia, Africa and Europe. The report also gives complete information about the companys Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats and also about its Product (Services), Price, Place and Promotion. Last but not the least, the report has showed the position of the company in the current market, evidence of the compa nys success and prospects for future growth/success. Air Arabia Introduction Air Arabia is the first largest Low Cost Carrier (LCC) to operate in Middle East and North Africa. Air Arabia started its operation in October 2003 and holds a portfolio of successful business.The Main Hub of Air Arabia is Sharjah Airport, UAE and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco and later on announced its third hub in Egypt. The current CEO of Air Arabia is Adel Ali who was named as Airline CEO of the Year for 3 years. Air Arabia is named as Best Low Cost Carrier at many Airline Awards. Air Arabia is a listed company on the Dubai Financial Market. The current Air Arabia slogan is Air Arabia, Pay Less Fly More. The Market Environment: Air Arabia has spread it wings from its hubs; Sharjah Airport, UAE and Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca, Morocco and Egypt to over 65 destinations spreading across Middle East, Indian Subcontinents, South and Central Asia, Africa and Europe. Air Arabia is in Airline Industry and has maintained a portfolio of successful business till now. The Airline Industry provides with Air transport services to passengers who want to travel to different countries which are covered by Airplanes in much less time. It also provides with air cargo facilities. The Competition The Main Competitors Air Arabia has many competitors such as Emirates Airline, Etihad Airways, and Air India Express but out of all these the main competitor of Air Arabia is Jazeera Airways. Sales and Profit Trend Jazeera Airways faced a Net Loss of 8.2 million in the year 2009. In the year 2010 the company is still operating in loss of 4.4 million in the first quarter and a loss of 4.7 million in the second quarter. Market Share Jazeera Airways head office is in Kuwait. It also had its hub in UAE but because of it facing loss in the previous year it had decided to close down the UAE hub. So now it only controls from Kuwait. Target Market Jazeera Airways is a low cost airline that targets the people with low income. The Company Sales and Profit Trend Air Arabias company profits in the year 2009 were AED 452 million. In the year 2010 the profits of the company in the first quarter were AED 50 million and in the second quarter were also AED 50 million. The company is building up a strong network route which is helping in growing its sales. Market Share The following graph shows Air Arabia Profit generated worldwide. GCC AED 63.28 million Middle East AED 63.28 million North Africa AED 49.72 million Central Asia AED 22.6 million Europe AED 94.92 million Indian Subcontinents AED 158.2 million Business Sector Air Arabia is a public sector company with its share listed on the Dubai Financial Market (DFM: AIRARABIA). SWOT analysis Strengths Air Arabia is the first low cost carrier in the GCC region. Given the huge investment required in setting up an airline, competition will need time to be a significant threat. Sharjah Airport gives significant waivers to Air Arabia in the form of landing and parking fees. Despite a very young history, net profits have been increasing at a CAGR of over 200% since 2005. The company managed to generate its first net profit in 2005 after starting operations in late 2003. Weaknesses Less number of planes Hub location A deterrent for residents of other emirates in UAE other than Dubai. Fuel prices account for roughly 38% of total operating costs for Air Arabia. The price hike in crude oil is expected to continue affecting the airline. Opportunities With a firm order for 34 aircraft and an option for 15 more, Air Arabia is poised for growth. The airline is expected to add more destinations to its portfolio. Competition is still young when compared to Air Arabia which gives the company time to further solidify its positioning as a quality LCC. The UAE and the GCC as a whole is focused on attracting tourists to the region. As the region grows with the rising price of oil, the accessible market for Air Arabia also expands in the long-term. Threats Being the most significant component of operating costs, energy prices can seriously hamper Air Arabias performance. Airlines around the world are struggling because of rising energy costs. Low LCC penetration in the region makes the pie very large however new LCCs are on their way to make the division more diluted in the future. New LCCs include Sama, Nas, RAK Airways and Fly Dubai. Due to limited choice in aircraft suppliers, airlines are sensitive to delivery schedules of aircraft. The delivery of the 34 ordered aircraft is originally meant to commence in 2013. The Companys Marketing Strategy Segmentation Air Arabia has been spread worldwide through three hubs namely Sharjah Airport, Mohamed V Airport in Casablanca and Egypt airport. Air Arabia is in Travel and Tourism industry which is further divided into Travel industry which provides with travel facilities to passengers who want to travel to other countries whereas Tourism industry which help with Hotel reservations. Targeting Air Arabia targets people with low income who would like to travel the world which could not be possible as the air freight is high. But nowadays people with good income have also started traveling in Air Arabia as it helps them to save for better future. Positioning Air Arabia has positioned itself in the market in such a way that has kept it far ahead of its competitors. Air Arabia and Jazeera airways are in competition but still demand for Air Arabia is high as it provides cheap ticket price. Growth Strategy Air Arabia has planned to expand its Sharjah hub by Investing 2.0 billion in new aircrafts which will increase the number of planes to 34 by 2015.this expansion will also increase the frequency of flights on certain routes, i.e. doubling the number of daily flights in most cases. The Marketing Mix Product (Service) Air Arabia offers many services to their customers according to the target segment they belong to. They provide with online booking which reduces the time of a customer to go to any agency and book a flight. Air Arabia also provides with hotel-reservation service and recommends the best options for customers according to their needs and budgets. Price Air Arabia is using a low cost strategy, which is to offer lower price than what other airlines in the market offer. It uses this strategy because it targets people from low to medium-income level who are willing to pay less in order to fly more. Place The main base of Air Arabia is in Sharjah, UAE. It has more three hubs which are in Morocco, Egypt and Jordon. Air Arabia also has an Online Website through which customers can book their flights, check the latest offers and book an accommodation in a hotel during his/her travel. Promotion Air Arabia always advertise in local and international, Arabic and English newspapers and magazines because their target audience are people from all nationalities. It advertises in business, family and social magazines worldwide to reach their target audience who have different interests. Air Arabia has created a website offers many services such as the online booking, which allow customers to select particular seats or service from their home. Furthermore, Air Arabia advertises in many websites from different fields such as the MSN messenger and the Gulf News. Evaluation of the Companys Strategies and Tactics Current Market Situation Air Arabia being the First and largest Low Cost Carrier in the Middle East and North Africa have put themselves ahead of their competitors. The companys services are being demanded by many customers due to whom in 2010 the Net Profit of the company in third quarter increased to AED 136 million. Evidence of Companys Success The Companys profit in the year 2009 was AED 452 million which had been decreased from the previous year. But the companys growth strategy shows that it will be successful in the coming years. Prospects for future growth/success Air Arabia have invested AED 1.7 2.0 billion on new aircrafts to increase the number of planes by 2015. This investment will increase the frequency of the flights on certain routes. Conclusion Air Arabia has been growing in Travel and Tourism industry with a vision to offer better services and to be the best airline on every route it flies by improving a strong network route. Thus, it has many target segments of people with low to medium- income levels that are looking for low air fares. The ambition of Air Arabia is a fleet expansion of 50 aircrafts by 2015 and also establishing more hubs to link the whole Arab world to Africa and Europe

Teaching Philosophy Essay -- Teaching Philosophy Education Admissions

Teaching Philosophy My personal teaching philosophy will be based off of my role model teachers growing up. For example, my fourth grade teacher, Ms. Juster, was a woman who I will never forget and whose influence made me chose the profession I am working towards today. Like her, I want to stimulate my students into finding their own strengths and desires so they feel more successful not only in a school environment but also in a larger civil community as well. I want my students to see me as a facilitator of learning, rather than a tyrant who harshly judges. Students learn best when they are comfortable and I will allow them, in fact encourage them, to take risks without judging their creativity. Learning cannot occur without stimulation and some amount of genuine care for a subject. Although probably the most difficult task, I will pay most attention to making my students care about what they are learning. I believe classroom experiences should extend into the students real lives. There are always exterior influences that overpower the importance of education, and I want to show students that they need to realize the benefits an education can give them later in life. In literature, this should come more naturally than other academic subjects because we can learn many great morals and consequences through other people’s stories. I will be enthusiastic and a great entertainer to my students, treating them more like a T.V. audience than a ...

Life And Works Of George Orwell :: essays research papers fc

In his short life, George Orwell managed to author several works which would inspire debate across the political spectrum for years to come due to his extreme views on Totalitarianism as exemplified in his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four. Orwell is now regarded as one of the finest essayists in Modern English literature because of his inspired common sense and a power of steady thought. Orwell was born Eric Arthur Blair in Bengal on January 23, 1903. He lived with his two sisters, mother and father who was a minor official in Indian Customs. Orwell’s childhood has been an influence on his later life and writing. British Writers by Ian Scott-Kilvert quotes Orwell as saying: Looking back on my own childhood, after the infant years were over, I do not believe that I ever felt love for any mature person, except my Mother, and even her I did not trust, in the sense that shyness made me conceal most of my real feelings from her†¦ I merely disliked my own father, whom I had barely seen before I was eight and who appeared to me simply as a gruff-voiced elderly man forever saying "Don’t." Early in his childhood, he was sent to a fashionable preparatory school on a scholarship. The other boys were much better off than Orwell was. Looking back on his school years, British Writers by Ian Scott-Kilvert again quotes Orwell as saying: I had no money, I was weak, I was ugly, I was unpopular, I had a chronic cough, I was cowardly, I smelt†¦ The conviction that it was not possible for me to be a success went deep enough to influence my actions until far into adult life. Until I was thirty I always planned my life on the assumption not only that any major undertaking was bound to fail, but that I could only expect to live a few years longer. At the age of 13, Orwell was rewarded with not one, but two separate scholarships. Orwell decided upon Eton, which was the more distinguished and prestigious of the two. Of his time at Eton, Modern British Essayists by Robert L. Calde quotes Orwell as saying, "I did no work there and learned very little and I don’t feel that Eton had much of a formative influence on my life." However, a majority of English students does no work at Universities but instead broaden their outlook on life and acquire a new sense of self-confidence along with an ability that is far more valuable than academic learning. After Orwell’s time at Eton, the natural thing for him to do would have been to go on to Cambridge and continue his career there where he could easily have gained a full

The No Child Left Behind Act: Impact on the Assessment of Special Educa

The No Child Left Behind Act: Impact on the Assessment of Special Education Students Three years after the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) moved into our schools there is a great deal of controversy that questions whether the act implemented by President George W. Bush is helping or hurting an already suffering school system. There are many dimensions of the NCLB act that have been questioned over the past three years; the fair assessment of students with disabilities is one of them. As the National Center for Fair & Open Testing (NCFOT) reported, the public relations aspect of this act is strong. However, all other areas of the new law are falling short of meeting their goals. In an annual report card developed by the NCFOT in 2005 accountability was rated with a ?D? and high-quality assessments with an ?F?. They further explain that Bush?s act encourages the use of commercial testing where they should be using classroom based assessments. Also, the accountability is somewhat misleading and can cause schools that are moving forward to turn into test-prep schools (NCFOT, 2005). While this report card focuses on how the NCLB act affects all subgroups in education, it is important to look at one group in particular; the special education students. President Bush?s NCLB act is forcing special education students to perform on statewide assessments that are above their intelligence level and are often requiring them to pass the assessments in order to receive a high school diploma. This often causes teachers, such as Lindley Corcoran, a special education teacher at Sheppard Pratt private school for students with severe disabilities, to teach to the test rather than teach practical functional skills which she believes will be ... ...ting Office. Fair Test. (2005). The National Center for Fair & Open Testing. Retrieved from http://www.fairtest.org Goldhaber, D. (2002). What might go wrong with the accountability measures of the ?No Child Left Behind Act The Urban Institute. Improving accountability for limited English proficient and special education students under the No Child Left Behind Act. (2003). Washington Area School Study Council. No educator left behind: Testing special education students. (2003). Retrieved March 18, 2005, from http://www.education-world.com/a_issues/NELB/NELB025.shtml Olson, L. (2004). Data show schools making progress on federal goals. Education Week, 24, 24-28. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org Tomes, H. Ph.D. (2004). In public interest: Are we really leaving no child behind? American Psychologist, 35, 31-35. Retrieved from www.apa.org

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest: the Power of Laughter Essay

Jimmy Buffet once said â€Å"If we couldn’t laugh, we would all go insane. † When an individual is no longer capable of laughing, he is also no longer capable of being in control of himself. This happens when a greater authority has the power to deny a person of their laughter; which, inevitably, denies him of his freedom. Ken Kesey conveys the idea that laughter and freedom go hand in hand throughout his novel One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. Kesey portrays laughter as a parallel to freedom through various literary symbols and imagery in order to illustrate how the power of laughter can free a man who is under the control of an unjust authority. Through the characterization of Nurse Ratched and McMurphy, Kesey illustrates how the manipulation of others and the challenge of authority is a key component in the ability to laugh. Through the characterization of Nurse Ratched, Kesey illustrates how one person can manipulate others for her own specific intentions. Throughout the story, it is clear that Nurse Ratched (Bug Nurse) manipulates the patients and faculty to control them so she has all the power. As the book starts, we are immediately brought into this mental ward in the eyes of Chief Bromden. As he walks down the hall, and the aids insult him because he is dumb and deaf. However, little do they know that Chief is the exact opposite. As they continue to speak as if he weren’t there and hand him the broom, â€Å"They laugh†¦[it is a] Hum of black machinery, humming the hate and death and other hospital secrets† (10). The laughter of the black aids is not clear and freeflowing like laughter should be. Instead, it is described as a â€Å"hum† which illustrates that even the aids do not have the freedom to laugh. They are â€Å"black machinery† or descendents of the combine which demonstrates that the faculty on this ward is under the control of Nurse Ratched and the combine. It is also evident that they are all working together because when machines are working correctly, they hum in synchronization, just like these men are doing with their empty laughter. Along with the machine-like laughs, the men also know what is going on in the ward because chief implies that their humming contains all of the mysteries. Kesey uses machine-like references and imagery in order to illustrate Nurse Ratched’s influence on her employee’s; she is the reason there is no laughter on the ward. Another cene that expresses Big Nurses power is when Chief is describing how Big Nurse hates when things are out of order. Chief explains that even her uniform has to be crisp and clean at all times, and when its not, she still smiles and pretends not to care, but inside it bothers her to no extent. He makes it clear that he sees, â€Å"her sit in the center of this web of wires like a watchful robot, tend her network with mechanical insect skill, know every second which wire runs where and just what current to send up to get the results she wants† (30). Big Nurse is portrayed as a mechanical spider who has the knowledge and ability to control whatever is in her â€Å"web. † Kesey references her as machine-like figure due to her constant necessity to be in control. Everything she does must be in a certain order and flow a certain way. When Chief says she knows how to â€Å"get the results she wants† it makes it clear that she is able to manipulate everyone. This demonstrates that her manipulation takes away all of the patients power to do anything; it even takes away their freedom and laughter. Another example that portrays this idea is in the article Salvation Through Laugher. The author, Stephen L. Tanner, is analyzing Kesey’s work, and as he discusses the first chapter of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, he notes how, â€Å"Miss Ratched is pleased when a ‘completed product’ goes back into society as a ‘functioning, adjusted component'† (Tanner 57). Tanner’s analysis expresses how Big Nurses intentions are to create these robots that do not have the ability to think for themselves. A â€Å"completed product† or success, will be think and act like the faculty, just another part of the machine. The pleasure Nurse Ratched gets out of these success’ illustrates that she loves gaining power and taking away people’s freedoms. Nurse Ratched manipulates the men on the ward and the faculty in order to gain power and take away all of their freedoms, even their freedom to laugh. Kesey conveys that the challenge of authority is the key to finding true identity. The protagonist, McMurphy immediately is introduced as this man with a huge, impenetrable ego. From the moment he steps on the ward, Chief notices that he’s different. Upon McMurphys arrival, Chief is awakening from the fog he is in. He’s in the day room with his inmates and is listening in on their conversations. Suddenly he hears Nurse Ratched announce that there is a new arrival. McMurphy enters the ward and is laughing. Chief notes that, â€Å".. it’s free and loud†¦[it] sounds real†¦it’s the first [real] laugh I’ve heard in years† (16). This illustrates how McMurphy, even from the beginning, has the intentions to challenge the rules. Before him, no one laughed on the ward, or even spoke above an indoor voice. However, as soon as he arrives, his laughter is â€Å"loud and free† which demonstrates that he is boisterous and independent. The combine will not succeed in taking away his freedom, nor will Nurse Ratched take away his ability to laugh. A second example is the scene in which McMurphy and his inmates disregard Big Nurses orders that they cannot watch the world series and watch it anyway because they had the majority in the second vote. As they all stop cleaning and sit down in front a blank TV screen, Nurse Ratched’s anger builds. Finally, she loses it and screams at McMurphy that he is , â€Å"‘supposed to be working during these hours! ‘ Her voice†¦a tight whine†¦a saw ripping through pine† (127) â€Å"her voice sounds like it hit a nail†(128). McMurphy’s breaking of the rules and influence on his inmates drives Nurse Ratched to the edge. Her voice hitting â€Å"a nail† illustrates authority running into a large bump and stopping it right in its tracks. The whining in her voice demonstrates that McMurphy is frustrating her, he is testing her power and this worries her, because she does not want to lose her power, and McMurphy is threatening her. However, no matter what Nurse Ratched does, she cannot seem to stop McMurphy and his free laugh. One of the most vital scenes is when McMurphy breaks the glass in the nurses station just after Cheswick commits suicide. He walks up to the nurse’s station, â€Å"†¦as big as a house! †¦[and says] in his slowest , deepest drawl how he figured he could use one of the smokes he bought†¦then he ran his hand through the glass†¦[it came] apart like water splashing†(172). McMurphy, haven been gone for a short while, challenges Big Nurses power and shows her that he’s back and is not losing this war. Him being â€Å"as big as a house† gives a visual that his power is radiating off of him. When he asks for his cigarettes, its in a slow and deep voice, and he does not wait for a response, just runs â€Å"his hand through the glass† it illustrates that he is not asking permission for anything. He will go against all of her rules because she cannot control him. The imagery Kesey uses to illustrate the glass shattering because when water splashes, there are many droplets and its not just one massive drop. McMurphy did not just break the glass or scratch Big Nurses power, he shattered it. He made his point that he has the power, not her, and he will always be free. Throughout the story, Kesey continues to have McMurphy constantly breaking the rules and challenging conformity in order to put across the idea that challenging authority can bring individuality. Ken Kesey, the author of One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest, conveys the idea that laughter and freedom go hand in hand when it comes to a person being an individual. Through the characterization of Nurse Ratched and McMurphy, Kesey suggests that manipulating others and challenging authority is an essential part of laughing and freedom. I have come to learn that freedom can be achieved by laughing and it’s a necessity to laugh, therefore it’s a necessity to be free. After reading this novel, it is clear that laughter is crucial part of individuality and without it, we would all be mechanical robots because as Kesey once said â€Å"if you lose your laugh, you lose your footing. â€Å"

A Father’s Story

Stories often have a main character that is centered on because he/she fails at some responsibility of theirs or falls short of their goal. In â€Å"A Father's Story† written by Andre Dubus, Luke Ripley is a character that succeeds in his responsibilities as a father. Luke shows love, compassion and above all a protective instinct and desire to help his daughter. He emphasizes that he is very religious although perhaps not very devout. All of these characteristics help him fulfill his fatherly duties to his daughter during her stay at his house. Luke has had an interesting life preceding the main events of the story. He has lost his entire family, making him alone in a large house with nothing but horses and a radio to keep him company. Despite those trials, Luke has it inside him to continually show love to his family when they do return, especially to his daughter even though she kills a man. Andre Dubus emphasizes this love and compassion Luke has through some of the background information he gives leading up to the main events of the story. Dubus shows small details that Luke a centers his attention on and the efforts that Luke puts forth to try and love his family after they leave him. There also comes a point in the story where Luke's heart's â€Å"longing to love† as he calls it, makes him bitter with Father Paul. Luke's friendship with Father Paul brings about another very interesting character trait in Luke. This is his religious side. Based on the way that Luke recounts the events of his life, religion is a mayor part and focus of his life. He seems not to be very devout and strict; he says that â€Å"being a real Catholic is too hard. † Still though, he goes to each Sunday Mass and Father Paul is his best, and in truth his only friend. Luke wakes up early each morning and rides his horse to the church. Luke falters only twice as far as his chastity and marriage beliefs are concerned and he describes those two incidents as having been in the distant past and not a reoccurring habit. Luke also realizes that he cannot force or tell his children what to believe but he still tries to point them in the direction that he believes to be right. Luke explains that his religion and Father Paul help to keep him company and keep him strong when his family left him. The main focus of this story however is not about Luke's love and compassion, or his religion; it is about just his fatherly instinct and desire to protect and help his daughter. The entire story, up till the climax Top point, is aimed at Luke's ability to empathize with his daughter and provide her with the comfort and help that she needs. First of all, Jennifer is the youngest child, the baby in the family. This automatically puts her in the position to receive more attention and care from her father. Jennifer also seems to be the one that visits her father the most often and for the longest periods of time. Luke enjoys the time that he gets to spend with his daughter. He relishes in the little details and subtle changes that take place over time. He points out how they are growing up and getting steadily more mature. Luke shows us that he understands and empathizes with his daughter and her transformation into a young adult when he says, â€Å"it was womanhood they were entering, the deep forest of it, and no matter how many women and men too are saying these days that there is little difference between us, the truth is that men find their way into that forest only on clearly marked trails, while women move about in it like birds. Jennifer then wakes her father in the middle of the night to tell him that she has just hit a man, and might have killed him. This is enough to test any father's love, patience, and temper. But Luke rises to the occasion and his character doesn't falter he firsts comforts his daughter and learns the whole story of what has taken place and what has upset her so badly. Then after she has calmed down, and only after she has calmed down, Luke leaves to try and find this man. The result is that Luke finds the man, and watches him die because he is powerless to save him at this point, he does not tell his daughter this, he only says that the man is dead. Then Luke says something interesting, he tells us â€Å"If one of my sons had come to me that night, I would have phoned the police and told them to meet us with an ambulance at the top of the hill I could bear the pain of watching and knowing my sons' pain but never my daughter's. This illustrates with perfect clarity Luke's special love for his daughter and desire to protect her in a way that varies greatly from that of his feelings for his sons. Stories often have a main character that is centered on because he/she fails at some responsibility of theirs or falls short of their goal. In â€Å"A Father's Story† written by Andre Dubus, Luke Ripley is a character that succeeds in his responsibilities as a father.

Debenhams Strategy Analysis

A recent improvement in the wider market has boosted the retailer by almost 30% since the start of 2012, taking the shares towards the upper band of the downward channel. On 8. Xx earnings the valuation remains undemanding, but the relative valuation in comparison to the sector has narrowed recently. Furthermore, it doesn't have the tangible asset backing relating to property that many of the other major retailers have. Recent restructuring has reduced their net debt to IEEE. Million, but this still represents almost half the market capitalization.Many analysts are forecasting little pre-tax profit growth over the next few years and given the vulnerable technical outlook combined with possible downside macro-economic shocks, which is believed to be a stock to avoid in the short-term. Despite this environment, Deadbeats has taken market share in all of the major clothing categories as customers have responded favorably to the changes made to the design, quality and value of their prod ucts and the improved in- store environment. Overall, share of Deadbeats of the total clothing market increased by 0. %.Yips Triangle Internationalization – might be defined as a geographical dispersion activities across national borders or world widely connection. For instance, products that have been made or purchased abroad and been sold at home country. Industry Globalization Drivers * Cotton price rises * Growth potential in a market * Consumer uncertainty over Job cuts and income prospects share from Arcadia, Deadbeats and Next * M;S took * Multi-channel retailing Increase in market share * Declining conversion rates the new store acquisitions successfully Departure of key personnel and failure * to attract or retain talentFailure to develop and implement roll out or Industry Globalization Drivers – According to Yip (1992) there are four sets of factors such as cost, market, government and competitive drivers which affect company and drive the business towards th e internationalization. Deadbeats' Industry Globalization Drivers: * Cost Driver – Increased cost of product development relative to market life. For example, in 2010 Deadbeats has played down fears that its clothing will cost more because of cotton price rises.Floods in China and Pakistan have severely hit crops, pushing up wholesale prices to a 1 5-year high. According to chief executive of Deadbeats Pl. Rob Templeton cotton prices are only part of the equation. Prices are up 4% and volume is down 2%. What is driving inflation is Force (currency markets). Although high street retailer Deadbeats tried to calm fears, saying the harvest in India – the world's second biggest cotton producer – was expected to be very good, the company started looking for alternatives. * Market Driver – Growth potential in a market.Recently company has been very focused on looking at Deadbeats' price points. So what they have been doing over the last few months is consolidati ng some of Deadbeats' supply chain, reviewing where they are buying room and how they buy and, in some cases, lowering cost prices. In addition, high street retailer has revealed half-year pre-tax profits of El 20. Mm, a rise of 17. 9%. The boost to figures has helped by the opening of four new stores and the acquisition of Denmark leading department store chain Managing du Nor. Government Driver – Consumer uncertainty over Job cuts and income prospects. In 2010 September, Deadbeats were cutting prices by up to 25% rather than waiting for the traditional end of season sale. The main reason for those reductions was that Government spending cuts were still shaking consumer confidence. The BRB (British Retail Consortium) warned the growth figures were flattered by a dismal performance in August 2009 – the worst in the second half of that year. Even though, company was pushed to look for a place in other markets. Competitive Driver – Rise of ‘lead' companies. In 2002, Deadbeats shares fell 10 to IPPP as the market was slightly disappointed with the company's current trading figures where like-for-like sales grew by PC for the first six weeks of the second half. According to Luck Evenhanded, M&S chairman and chief executive during February and March M&S outperformed everyone else on the high street. The company took share from Arcadia, Deadbeats and Next. This situation pushed Deadbeats, which has 97 stores, to open another four in the next financial year.Global strategic levers look at strategic decision making process via which company participates in the global market. This model includes the latter market participation, variety of products and services, location of value added activities and competitive moves. Multi-channel retailing Deadbeats makes use of multiple retail channels to reach the end market. Besides the brick-and-mortar stores, Deadbeats offers its merchandise through an online store, www. Beams. Com. In the first half o f 2011, the company introduced a Euro- denominated website for the Republic of Ireland.Management and Organizational Factors Departure of key personnel and failure to attract or retain talent Recently Deadbeats faces significant delays and prevent achievement of business plans. In order to attract and retain talent, both succession and personal development plans are in place throughout the organization. In addition, target-led, performance-related incentive schemes exist. Even though, skilled and well-educated labor is not that easy to get, so Deadbeats are forced to develop and look for it in different sectors. Annoys MatrixMathematician and business manager Igor Annoys looks at alternative corporate growth strategies, which examines a company's growth opportunity from both market perspective and product or service perspective. Market penetration * Despite the current economic climate and competition, Deadbeats maintains and is expanding clothing space and productivity ( own, desig ners label and concession) between 2009/10 and 2011/12 through refurbishments and acquisitions both in the I-J and abroad (franchise and delivery services), competitive pricing (drastic sale promotions), advertising (Multiplicand – websites, APS and TV

The Thoughtful Forecaster

Becoming a thoughtful forecaster is important to the development of any company today. Understanding the financial aspects of your company can be the deal-breaking point of whether your company is a successful one or not. In the case, â€Å"The Thoughtful Forecaster†, we learn that sometimes you are right and sometimes you are wrong, which is partially due to one’s bias. We also learn that being a thoughtful forecaster involves trial and era. It isn’t easy but throughout the processes you start to understand the financial relationships within your business.The financial statements provide information needed in order to make a proper analysis and provides you with the historical strengths and weaknesses of your business. The income statement, also known as the â€Å"profit-and-loss statement†, is utilized to measure the flow of cost, revenue, and profits over a period of time. The balance sheet gives an over view of business investments and the financing in a particular time. Together these two statements can give a thorough outlook of the business’s performance and a better understanding of the mechanics that make up the business operations.Interpreting and utilizing financial ratios is an important way to evolve into a successful financial forecaster. Examining a business’s performance includes: growth rates, margins, turnover, and return on investments. Growth rates capture the year-on-year change in percentage of a particular line item. It can be separated into two growth measures: unit growth and price growth. Unit growth is the growth of revenue due to an increase in units sold. Price growth is the growth revenue due to an increase in the price of each unit.Margin ratios are the percentages of revenue that has not been consumed by any business costs. Margins also measure the cost structure of the business which includes important definitions/ratios. These are: gross margin, operating margin, and net profit margin. Turnover ratios are used to measure productivity, or efficiency, of business assets. It is created by dividing a measure of volume from the income statement by a measure of investment from the balance sheet.There are several measures of turnover and they include: receivable turnover, inventory turnover, PPE turnover, asset turnover, total capital turnover, and payable turnover. An alternative form of measuring the asset productivity is in â€Å"days†, which takes the investment amount divided by the volume, which is then multiplied by 365 days. The resulting number is the average number of days in a year that an investment item is held by the business. Return on investments (ROI), is the profit generated per dollar of investment and the measure for calculating return on investments.This measure includes: pretax return on assets, return on capital (ROC), and return on equity (ROE). Financial ratios are useful in forecasting financial statements because they show the relationsh ips across financial-statement line items of the past. The financial models can be helpful in identifying the impact of assumptions on the forecast. Most financial models are composed in excel through a spreadsheet. By doing this it makes it easier to see the assumptions for the different forecast scenarios but it is also used to correct any of the assumptions that were inaccurately made.The forecasting process should go hand-in-hand with the constant economic changes and you should take into consideration the industry and economy wide pressures it endures. These pressures include: inflation, price-growth assumptions, and any economic recessions. Industry reality should also be taken into place and here you should consider business profitability and follow the guidelines that qualify a business to have higher or lower profitability. Having a high profitability does not always mean a high performance.It is important to recognize that the strategy of competitors do not stand still, an d your forecasting should be adjusted when needed according to aggressive competition. Two elements that become a problem in business forecasting are optimism bias and overconfidence bias. Optimism bias is stated as a systematic positive error in the expected value of an unknown quantity. Overconfidence bias is a systematic negative error in the expected variance of an unknown quantity. It is a difficult task but it is important to have an unbiased outlook for the forecast, which is done by having estimated high-side and a low-side scenarios.When forecasting the financial statements of the Maytag Corporation for the end of 2004, the company’s annual report provided me information from the income statement and the balance sheet from the previous two years. On there is calculations and a variety of ratios including the sales growth to return on assets. The ratio analysis gives us a sense of the trends in the business performance. Next it shows that a thoughtful forecaster would need to make assumptions into the future.Although these aren’t completely accurate, they can give us a clearer more centralized view of the analysis. With the qualitative/quantitative research and the historical data that was given we can assume the company will maintain its position in a declining industry. An increased entry of foreign competition will lead to zero sales growth for Maytag in 2004. Although all the events of 2004 cannot be predicted with the guidance and use of thoughtful analysis, we can conclude a reasonable and unbiased expectation of future performance has been represented.

Pauls Case Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pauls Case - Research Paper Example The story commences with Paul’s faculty hearing after he was suspended from his high school located in Pittsburgh. He arrives at the meeting in outfits that are shabby and debonair at the same time. In particular, he had a red carnation in his buttonhole, which affronted the members of the faculty. As presented in the book, Paul is described as a narrow-shouldered, tall person with large pupils that strike the chord of a drug addict (Cather 7). The members of the faculty had a hard time to coherent their feelings about Paul. They all have a feeling that Paul hates them deeply. His family members view him as a person who had no interest in school. Moreover, the faculty members complain of disturbance caused by Paul in the classroom, and his defiant nature to the student’s council among other bodies. When Paul is still in the presence of the council, he keeps smiling, which makes his accusers feel insignificant. Some of the misdeeds he was identified with included disorder, ill will and impertinence to the staff and his fellow students. Moreover, he is also described as suave due to his nature of raising his eyebrows, which were regarded as irritating, and the brilliance in his eyes, which quivered the teacher’s casual touch (Cather 10). Paul’s drawing master was always on his side claiming that the teacher’s did not understand him clearly. Moreover, he also states that the mother to Paul had died after his birth in Colorado. These statements make the teachers and other members of the faculty ashamed about their ferocious nature towards Paul. Later on, Paul went Carnegie Hall that is located in Pittsburgh where he served as an usher. He had arrived quite early that day, so, he went through the Hall’s gallery to get a view of the paintings of Venice and Paris (Cather 20). In his strolling, he stares at one painting named blue Rico. Afterwards, he proceeds to the changing room together

Factors Contibuting to Individual Differences in Stress Response Coursework

Factors Contibuting to Individual Differences in Stress Response - Coursework Example Suffering from some chronic illness may be a source of stress for many people. It is important to understand how to respond to these stresses and factors contributing to differences in individual responses to stress. For instance, while alcohol proves effective in managing stress in some people, it has contradicting results in others (Sher & Walitzer, 1986). Stress response is the natural coping mechanism of the body to respond to stressful events and it involves the release of ‘hormones and glucose into the bloodstream to provide extra energy and alertness’ (Gilles, 2009). Researchers in response to stress often employ different approaches such as a consideration of the stimulus, the response, or the transactional perspective. However, regardless of the approached used, it is generally recognized that the individuals exhibit differences in the ability to respond to different stressful events. The differences can be attributed to the environmental, socio-cultural, and ge netic factors specific to the individuals. Some of the individual factors include personality traits (Kazmi et al, 2009), gender, social class, culture, ethnicity, age, and genetic composition (Davidyan, 2008). This paper examines the background of these observed individual differences with a focus on three contributing factors namely the environmental, cognitive, and genetic factors. ... mographic or historic developmental factors include gender, age, ethnicity, genetic predisposition, history of trauma or abuse, and the individual medical history (Davidyan, 2008). The psychological factors include whereas the social factors include acculturation, social support, socio-economic and educational status, leisure time activities (Davidyan, 2008). Environmental factors Various studies on human epidemiology have indicated that the early life experiences contribute significantly to the development of differences in how the individuals respond to stressful events in later stages of their lives. The differences that are observed in the psychological environment in which a physical stressor occur account for the variability in stress response (Sapolsky, 1994, p.263). The researches on the developmental programming of the stress system have examined the roles played by the environmental stressors or the exogenous glucocorticoids in the development of sensitivity to stress by an individual (Claessens et al, 2011). It must be noted that these factors do not stand alone in providing the influence. The environmental factors interplay other factors like the gene combination to define the differences. The outcomes of early experiences do not determine precisely the fate of an individual in the later stages. A class of environmental, cognitive, and genetic factors takes part in molding the overall outcome of the early life experiences. Personality traits and other dispositional traits have a stake in explaining the stress responses (Avitsur et al, 2006, p.289). However, there are cases in which the environmental factors are powerful and can override other factors like the genetic factors (Claessens et al, 2011). Various aspects of the environment working at specific

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems Coursework - 5

Health Systems and Healthcare Systems - Coursework Example Key among the roles of the government is to provide every Nigerian access to basic healthcare facilities without discrimination. In Nigeria, primary health care services are available in both the rural and urban areas. The agencies provide basic care to citizens regardless of their class or status. There are various aspects supporting the evaluation of the primary health care services in Nigeria. Primary health care services also include training on prevailing health problem and techniques of controlling and preventing the problems. It ensures proper nutrition among citizens and promotion of food supply and childcare, family planning immunization and prevention against major infectious diseases. There is significant evidence in the health promotion interventions making active enhancement of human health care. Primary healthcare also concerns the satisfaction of health- related Millennium Development Goals among the marginalized group and poor members of the population. World health organization (WHO) applies health promotion techniques to health and related social system and various risk factors including disease and health issues. Organizations are concerned with improving the quality of life by performing health promotion services. Health promotion has crucial roles to play in fostering public health policies and health -supportive environments promoting positive social conditions and skills promoting healthy lifestyles (Boman & Isiaka 2015, p.1). World health organization supports the country in improving infrastructure for organizing planning and initiating multispectral health policies and programs in Nigeria. Health system concentrates towards health promotion promotions initiatives including and their capabilities geared towards promoting health. There are advocacy and social mobilization for policy in support of health