Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice Dissertation

Development of Management and Education in Nursing Practice - Dissertation Example Two specialised assignments afforded me such opportunities. The first involved preparing and delivering a Teaching Session to my peers on a topic of clinical interest that related to my work at the trust. After the session I analysed both the content and the process of the Teaching Session. The second assignment involved interviewing a Lead Health Professional in an area related to the topic of the Teaching Session. Afterwards I assessed and reviewed the interview as a function of local and national health care policies such as Clinical Governance and for the subject matter discussed. The topic of both my Teaching Session and the interview with the Lead Health Professional related to controlling the transmission of MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). MRSA infection and control is a significant public health threat in the UK, a topic of which students should be aware, and one about which senior leaders have much to say. I became interested in the topic during my placement at a trust in London. Since then have maintained a keen eye for mention of it in the media and, as discussed in Part II of the Portfolio, have decided to take action to try to get my trust to implement one of the particularly significant MRSA control programmes. The Portfolio is divided into two parts, plus Appendices. Each part is a comprehensive assessment and analytic essay, complete with a References section with more than 15 references per essay.For ease of evaluation, the References for Part One immediately follow the essay for Part One., rather than being presented in a consolidated reference section at the end of the entire portfolio as in standard for essays and research projects. The Portfolio's two parts, Summary, and Appendices include: Part One - Evaluation of a Teaching Session Part Two - Assessment of an Interview with a Lead Health Professional Portfolio Summary Appendix A - Interview Record Appendix B - Notes and Details of the Interview with the Secretary General of the Royal College of Nursing As evidenced in each essay individually, and my summary comments, the Portfolio project had a significant impact on my perception of nursing, and of myself as a nurse. Fortunately, it was all positive and certainly helped me grow. Part One - Reflections on a Teaching Session The Teaching Session provided me an opportunity both to teach and to learn. Although I was the teacher as I presented the material to the students, I also learned a lot, about teaching, about my chosen topic, and about myself as I took on a previously unfamiliar role. This essay, a critical reflection on the many aspects of the Teaching Session experience, is divided into seven parts: Rationale Planning Preparation Delivery Evaluation/Feedback Action Plan for the Future Whilst I thing the Teaching Session went well, it also heightened my awareness of ways I can be a more effective teacher, to one person or a hundred. Rationale During clinical practice, I noticed that infection control standards, especially staff hand washing techniques following care for patients with MRSA, were inconsistent. Standards were not evidence-based, likely not reflecting best practices. Given the importance of proper hand washing techniques in arresting MRSA transmission, I decided MRSA and proper hand washing techniques would be the topic of my Teaching Session. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a form of the Staphylococcus aureus organism resistant to commonly used antibiotics (About MRSA: What is MRSA). As Eaton (2005) notes, hand

Global Warming and its Effects Essay Example for Free

Global Warming and its Effects Essay There is no doubt that our world has been warming up. Eleven out of the past twelve years, that is, 1995 to 2006, have been ranked among the twelve â€Å"warmest years since 1850 (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4,† 2007). † Humans did not keep systematic records of temperature before 1850; nevertheless, scientists are confident that there is something terribly wrong with the steady increase of global surface temperature between 1995 and 2006. The evidence of global warming includes the shrinking of beautiful mountain glaciers in many parts of the world; thawing of permafrost; the early breakup of lake as well as river ice; lengthening of growing seasons (especially mid to high latitude); shifting of animal, insect and plant ranges; early flowering of trees; early emergence of insects and egg laying of birds; changes in ocean currents as well as patterns of precipitation; and the increasing lifetimes and intensities of tropical storms in several regions of the globe (â€Å"Climate Change 2007,† 2007). Seeing that the poorest people of the world are rather dependent on a hospitable as well as stable climate for their crop growing needs in addition to the gathering of natural resources, it is vital to understand climate change before attempting to manage it. Poor people are reliant on the monsoon seasons, for example, but climate change is about to turn their lives around. Moreover, it is the poorest people of the world that are most vulnerable to the destruction caused by natural disasters. The Asian tsunami of 2004 provides evidence of this phenomenon. Increase in drought frequency in Africa is another reason why policymakers around the globe must consider decisions that would have a long-term impact on humanity. Other examples of the destruction caused by climate change to the poor communities in particular include the effects of Katrina in the United States and the heat wave that was experienced by Europeans in 2003. As these examples reveal, poor people in rich societies are also vulnerable to the devastating effects of global warming (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Additionally, the effects of global warming are expected to vary across the globe. According to a publication of the United Nations Environment Programme: While the Earth’s climate has varied throughout the prehistoric ages, the last few decades have witnessed a global climate disruption that is unprecedented over the recent millennia, a period of relative climatic stability during which civilization emerged. Some regions, particularly the Arctic, will be more affected by climate change than others closer to the equator. In many regions, the agricultural sector will be particularly affected. The combination of high temperatures and decreased soil moisture projected for parts of Africa will be particularly hard to adapt to (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). The publication of the UNEP, â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4,† also describes the main responsibility that human beings must assume for global warming: that, in fact, humans have placed great pressure on the climate system with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The greenhouse gas that is mainly responsible for climate change appears to be carbon dioxide, primarily originating from the consumption of fossil fuels. But, other gases are similarly responsible for climate change. According to the report: â€Å"Since the dawn of the industrial age, the concentrations of these gases have been steadily increasing in the atmosphere (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). † Overly excited about their achievements during and after the golden Industrial Age, human beings did not realize that materialism and greed could even be responsible for ending their existence on Earth in the near future. Indeed, if climate change is not managed through effective, global environmental policies at present, huge natural disasters may very well finish off all life on our planet. As it is, global warming is accompanied by spells of really high temperatures that are known to destroy life through heat stress in addition to air pollution. In June 2003, Europe experienced such a spell. It raised temperatures twenty to thirty percent higher than the average temperatures during summer. What is more, the spell covered a huge portion of the European continent, from Germany to Italy, and from the north of Spain to Czech Republic. With social as well as economic impacts, besides its environmental impacts, the heat wave presented heavy losses to the European continent. In point of fact, thirty thousand European people lost their lives during June 2003. Forestry and agricultural production were impaired; forests were burned; crop cycles were disrupted; nuclear reactors cooled by water from rivers had to be closed; demand for electricity could not be met; and the stability of rocks was affected (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europe,† 2004). Europe had experienced significant development during the Industrial Age, although it did not have any power over the heat wave of 2003. More importantly, perhaps, it is evident that the European Union would now play an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The heat wave of 2003 served as a warning for the entire continent to begin taking serious action against greenhouse gas emissions, while enjoying the fruits of the Industrial Age even in the twenty first century (â€Å"Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave†). As bad as the European heat wave of 2003 was, there is no way for it to compete with the rising average temperatures in the Arctic. In fact, temperatures in the Arctic are â€Å"rising almost twice as rapidly as in the rest of the world (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). † Sea ice and glaciers in the Arctic are presently melting, while the permafrost temperatures are rising. In Siberia and Alaska, permafrost is also melting. This is expected to release methane into the Earth’s atmosphere from the frozen hydrates. Scientists are aware that fifty million years back, a large amount of methane was released into the Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures around that time must have risen approximately five to seven Celsius. Additionally, scientists have determined that it took approximately one hundred and forty thousand years for the atmosphere to return to its normal state after the initial release of methane (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Perhaps, therefore, the effects of global warming would remain with us for a very long period of time. Our future generations would have to suffer because of the excessive greenhouse gas emissions that our generation has been held responsible for. Other effects of global warming include increased changes in precipitation around the world. While wet regions are experiencing more rain, the dry areas of our world are turning more arid than before. In addition, regions like Africa with â€Å"the lowest contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions† are projected to suffer most due to these changes (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). As a matter of fact, water scarcity is projected to become a dangerous problem for the African people in the days to come (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). Global warming is also increasing â€Å"intense tropical cyclone activity,† especially in the North Atlantic (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). This has been going on since 1970, and is definitely associated with increases in the surface temperatures of tropical seas. Furthermore, there is evidence of increased tropical cyclone activity in certain regions of the world where it is difficult to gather high quality data. In any case, over the past thirty five years the number of Class 4 and 5, high intense storms, has almost doubled. These storms are now occurring in virtually all ocean basins. Of a certainty, our world would warm up even more because of this activity in the deep (â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4†). It is time, therefore, for all countries of the world to seriously consider the kinds of policies that could reverse the damage caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Humans have no control over unknown natural powers that may be causing climate change. Even so, they instinctively know the route they must take so as to help all living beings on the planet. The UNEP publication, â€Å"Global Environmental Outlook 4† refers to our world as a â€Å"one planet economy,† where all resources must be shared. So even though the Africans did not pollute the environment as much as the Americans and the Europeans during the Industrial Age, they must suffer because they did not even consider advising the Americans and the Europeans to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Of course, they were in no position to advise the polluters. Global warming has been showing its severe effects only now – a time when the world seems to have accepted the idea that life on Earth may end pretty soon if human beings do not stop harming the environment. References Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basics. (2007, Feb 5). Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://ipcc-wg1. ucar. edu/wg1/docs/WG1AR4_SPM_Approved_05Feb. pdf. Global Environmental Outlook 4: Environment for Development. (2007). United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://www. unep. org/geo/geo4. Impacts of Summer 2003 Heat Wave in Europe. (2004, Mar). United Nations Environment Programme. Retrieved Dec 10, 2007, from http://www. grid. unep. ch/product/publication/download/ew_heat_wave. en. pdf.

Christopher J.H. Wright Essay -- Religion, Jesus, Old Testament

Introduction In the book by Christopher J.H. Wright, Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament, the author argues the very existence of Jesus Christ in the New Testament is portrayed within the Old Testament. Wright writes, â€Å"the deeper you go into understanding the Old Testament, the closer you will come to the heart of Jesus† (ix). Wright explains many Christians love Jesus, but do not know much about the Scriptures that He read. This is the author’s intention of the book, bringing the readers to a deep understanding of the Old Testament and gaining a greater understanding of Jesus. The purpose of this review is to summarize and critique Wright’s work along with presenting the strengths and weaknesses of the book. Wright has a profound love for the Old Testament Scriptures and wants to portray that to his readers. Wright studied Old Testament economic ethics for his doctorate at Cambridge, England. His book, God’s People in God’s Land came from his doctoral work. His passion for the Old Testament is demonstrated by two other works that focus on God the Father and the Holy Spirit in light of the Old Testament. Summary Wright asserts the understanding of Jesus starts with Matthew 1:18. It is the previous 17 verses that most do not regard as it is just a list of names. These names, Wright says, are part of a much larger story and without recognizing these names one cannot fully understand Jesus (1). The story is that of the Old Testament and the genealogy links the Old and New Testaments together. Wright says, â€Å"The Old Testament tells the story which Jesus completes† (2). Wright continues to break down the genealogy and reaches back to Abraham to proclaim that through Abraham, all nations of the earth will be blessed (4). Th... ... of Jesus while trying to convey his true identity (142-158). Less space could have been given concerning the names of Jesus while still reflecting the point Wright was trying to convey. While more ground is covered than needed, the author, as Long states, presents the information in an engaging manner. Conclusion Wright brings his readers through the Old Testament so they can have a greater understanding of Jesus. He presents the information in an engaging manner, but at times Wright can overstate his purpose. Pastors and lay people alike can benefit from reading Wright’s book as he brings people closer to Jesus by deepening their understanding of the Old Testament. This review has outlined the strengths and weaknesses of the author’s book to give readers an insight into Wright’s theological perspective of the Old Testament in light of the New Testament.

Charles Darwin’s Theory Essay

Charles Darwin contributed to the field of evolutionary biology were: non-constancy of species, branching evolution, occurrence of gradual change in species, and natural selection. Each of his contribution became the foundation of evolutionary biology and can be seen in the wild very commonly. Non-constancy can be observed though variation in the offspring. For example, different sized beaks in finches display variation in the species and therefore, non-constancy. This can cause change in the gene pool of a species over time. Many evidence of branching evolution can be seen in the anatomy of different species like homologies and vestigial structures. In whales, the hip bones are similar to humans which indicates the common ancestry between the two species. Gradual change is displayed by the fossil records of many species. Older fossil records have some small differences from the newer fossil records which can be used to prove gradual change in species over time. These changes occur due to mutation and are picked out by the natural selection. These mutations accumulate over time and cause the species to look drastically different after many decades. Natural Selection picks out individuals better suited for the environment and allows them to reproduce and pass on their gene while unsuited individuals die without passing on their gene. Natural selection occurs every time a predator feeds on the weakest, slowest, worst camaflouged, or most un-adapted prey. This allows the gene pool of the species to evolve and shed off undesired genes. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium assumes that the allele frequency stays constant over time. The equation presumes there is no genetic flow, no mutation, no natural selection, random mating, and a large population. Hardy-Weinberg equation is used as a null hypothesis to determine if evolution is occurring in the species. Punctuated Equilibrium shows a sudden change in a species gene pool usually due to an environmental disaster after a long period of no change in the gene pool. This idea is demonstrated by the rise of mammals and the downfall of reptiles and other organisms. References: Campbell, Neil, and Reece, Jane. AP EDITION BIOLOGY. San Francisco: Pearson, 2005.

The Tell-Tale Heart Essay

Suspenseful, nerve-racking, tense, and scary are all words that can be used to describe The Tell-Tale Heart. The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is a dark, eerie story filled with suspense and tension. Anyone who has read this story would be able to describe it using similar words; but that is not all that it is filled with. The Tell-Tale Heart is a horror short story filled with many different literary devices and many examples to go along with them. This essay will be on three of the many literary devices used in this story; imagery, repetition, and humor.One of the many literary devices used by Poe in this story is imagery. Imagery is used to create a vivid picture in your mind. It allows the reader to visualize the setting and/or actions in the story. Poe uses imagery very frequently in this story. An example of this would be when the narrator snuck into the old man’s bedroom and accidentally woke him up, and then shone the light from the lantern onto the â€Å"vulture eye. † â€Å"When I had waited a long time, very patiently, without hearing him lie down, I resolved to open a little–a very, very little crevice in the lantern.So I opened it– you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthily– until, at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye. † This example explains how carefully the narrator shone the light on the old man’s eye. â€Å".. at length a simple dim ray, like the thread of the spider, shot from out the crevice and fell full upon the vulture eye† is an example of imagery. Poe is trying to give the reader a visual of how the ray of light was so thin and precise on the old man’s eye.This example describes the light coming out of the lantern in such vivid detail that the reader can imagine exactly what the light looks like. This literary device is important because if the reader can visualize exactly what is goin g on, it may help to trigger some emotions and picture the story as the writer intended. Another literary device often used by Poe in this story is repetition. Repetition is used by authors frequently because it adds more atmosphere to the story by adding emotion; in this case, suspense and fear. A week before the murder, every night around midnight the narrator would open the door to the old man’s bedroom.â€Å"And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it–oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly–very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. † In four sentences, repetition was used twice to describe how carefully the narrator would open the door and make his way inside to see the ol d man’s â€Å"evil eye†.The author may have chosen to use repetition for this scenario because in the narrator’s point of view, he is risking getting caught by the old man. If he got caught sneaking into the room, this could have ruined the narrators plans to murder the old man or things could have gotten out of control. When repetition is being used, the reader slows down slightly. This is because the author wants us to feel the tension and suspense that the character is feeling. All the emotion triggered by repetition causes the reader to anticipate what happens next. The third literary device used by Poe is Humor.Humor is used to alleviate a tough situation. An example of humor in The Tell-Tale Heart would be when the narrator was cleaning up the remains of the old man’s dead body. â€Å"There was nothing to wash out–no stain of any kind–no blood-spot whatever. I had been too wary for that. A tub had caught all–ha! ha! † Thi s example explains that there was no blood to be wiped up because it was all in the tub. The humor behind this is when he laughs at the end. Throughout the entire story, the narrator is trying to convince the reader that he is not insane.But doesn’t laughing at the fact that you murdered someone without creating a mess make you a little insane? Where is the humor in taking away someone else’s life? Poe demonstrates the humor in this story in many other ways and they all lead to one assumption; the narrator is insane. Humor is important in the story because it keeps the atmosphere of this story consistent. The way Poe used humor in this story successfully makes the mood tense and makes the reader eager to keep reading due to the suspense they are feeling. These three literary devices helped to shape the story in a very powerful way.The way Poe used imagery, repetition, and humor were magnificent because by using these literary devices, Poe made the reader feel the suspe nse and tension the character in the story was feeling. Poe also triggered emotions inside of the reader. This is very, very important because it is a gateway for the reader to relate to the story. If the reader can relate to the story then their opinion on it is almost always positive. Poe is a brilliant man who used many literary devices to support his story. By doing so he achieved success by getting through to his readers using emotions.

Free Australia Sediba Informative Essay

Free Australia Sediba Informative Essay Australia Sediba According to Falk (2011), Australopithecus Sediba is an Australopithecus species in the early Pleistocene which was identified and associated with fossils dated nearly 2 million years ago. This exceptional species has is associated with at least four partial skeletons that were discovered in Malapa Fossil site in South Africa at a region referred to as the cradle of Humankind world heritage. The four fossil skeletons are one juvenile male; MH1 as the fossil holotype, an adult female; MH2 and allegations are that the other two comprise of at least another adult and a close to 2 years old infant. The MH1 and MH 2 are said to have been buried together and they are close to 2 millions years of age. Australopithecus Sediba initial specimen was discovered in the year 2008 by a paleoanthropologist nine year old son as he was exploring his fathers dig site in the dolomitic hills in the northern side of South Africa. The boy alerted his father and upon investigation he figured out a homid clavicle with a canine tooth sticking out. This is a fossil that is said to have been buried close to 2 million years back and it held much information regarding to human evolution and existence in olden days. In the morphology and the associated interpretations of the fossils, basing on the wide range of he mosaic futures that were exhibited by the cranial and post cranial morphologies, it was suggested that Australopithecus Sediba was likely to be an old transitional species between south African; A.Africanus and either the homo habilis or home erectus (Fuente, 2011). The spotted similarities were that the cranial capacity of MH1 is at the higher end of A. Africanus and it is far from the lower range of homo, however, additional information pointed out that the mandibles and the size of the tooth are quite gracile and similar to what is likely to be discovered in Homo erectus. The cusp spacing was more of Australopithecus and despite MH2 being an adult, the MH1 tooth size was larger than that of MH1. When compared to the A.africanus, Australopithecus Sediba is more inclined to homo than it is to A.ghali. This is emphasized by the noting of various synaponorphies that were regarded as an early anticipation to the reorganization of the Homo erectus pelvis which is associated with an advanced and energetic, efficient walking and running. The femur and the tibia of Australopithecus Sediba are fragmented and it has a primitive foot. The cranial capacity ranges from 420-450 centimeters square which is close to one-third of the modern human. In addition, the other discovery in Australopithecus Sediba was that it had modern hand whose grip is a suggestion of its association with the making of tools by Australopithecus. ORDER FOR: $Â  11.99 document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function () { $("#miniorder_shorcode form").append($("", { "name": "_token", "value": window.Laravel.csrfToken, "type": "hidden" })); }); However, the most critical question in this matter is whether Australopithecus Sediba is related to biological or physical anthropology. Biological anthropology is the study of the physical development of the human species. This branch of anthropology plays a very important role in pale anthropology which is the study of human origins and a significant part in forensic anthropology which encompasses the investigation and classification of the remains of human for authorized aims. The associations of Australopithecus Sediba to various fossils related to human evolution is significant and a practical contribution to that area of study. Thus, it is essential to make a conclusion that Australopithecus Sediba is in great way related to physical anthropology which is the study of human origins. The discovery of the Australopithecus Sediba fossils in 2008 in Malapa national reserve in South Africa was breakthrough and a big step in the study of physical anthropology. The fossil has been ass ociated with the evolution of Homo erectus and homo sapilis to the modern man due to its advanced characteristics and abilities that were not notable in the prior discovered fossils. For instance, Australopithecus Sediba was discovered to having a more primitive hand that enabled a firm grip that was proof to the ability of the Australopithecus Sediba to the making of tools and architecture. Such ability was lacking in the Homo erectus and homo sapilis prior discoveries which was justification of an advanced fossil of the human nature and development. In such a case, it can be deduced that Australopithecus Sediba is a significant contributor to the branch of physical anthropology. This mans that the two; Australopithecus Sediba and physical anthropology are related in a significant manner and dimension. Biological anthropology being the study of human evolution and development has been able to gain a momentum from the discovery of the Australopithecus Sediba fossils dated to approximately two million years back. Such a discovery has seen the development of the biological anthropology to a section where paleoanthropologists have diverted much attention and effort as they try to make the respective discoveries related to human evolution and development. Such diverted and concentrated efforts have made it possible for the significant early determination of the human species and their origins. Thus, it can be clearly seen that Australopithecus Sediba is closely related to physical anthropology. In summary, Australopithecus Sediba discovery was a significant effort in the unearthing of human evolutions and development. The fossil has been able to render to the paleoanthropologists a lot of information that has been realistic to the efforts towards the realization of human evolution and development from the early fossils. It is however realistic to make a conclusion that the study of human evolution and development was given a boost by the discovery of the fossils and the two; Australopithecus Sediba and physical anthropology are related significantly.

Effects of global warming on human health, human welfare and human settlements

Effects of global warming on human health, human welfare and human settlements Global warming is the gradual increase in earth’s surface temperature. The increased temperature leads to an increased melting of snow and ice. The resultant of the melting is an increased global sea level. It is estimated that between 1906 and 2005, earth’s surface temperatures raised by 0.74  Ã‚ ±Ã‚  0.18  Ã‚ °C (Ernesto 8-23). In 1998, Kyoto protocol was developed as a preventive measure to further global warming. This paper discusses the effects of global warming on human health, human welfare and human settlements.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of global warming on human health, human welfare and human settlements specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effects on human health There are some diseases that have been triggered and caused by the increased temperatures on earth, they include skin cancer, skin diseases and pulmonary diseases; some of these diseases are caused by direct integratio n while others are as a result of indirect effects of global warming. When some areas are heated, a wave of hot air that moves from one the region of high temperatures to the areas of low temperatures; these heats may carry with them some diseases like tuberculosis that affect the people. At the high temperatures, some viruses and bacteria are able to multiply resulting to increased health complications on the people; such viruses include Hantavirus. Melting of icecaps, reduce the freshness of water, when the saline intrusion of water is increased, then people are likely to suffer some related diseases (Colleen 5-8). Effects on human settlement Global warming has resulted to extreme weather conditions, some situations that cannot allow productive agriculture or hinders a comfortable life of the settlers. When lands and climate fail to support productive agriculture, then people living in the areas are more likely to move to other places; this leads to land that have been left to be consumed by effects of weather while others, which are believed to be productive are over populated. Populations that live in risk prone areas are more likely to suffer loss of land to the increasing sea level and risks of dangerous waves; when the temperatures increase; they lead to melting of the ice caps that lead to an increased water levels on seas and oceans. When the water levels increase, they reclaim coastal lands leading to resettlement of the coastal people (Colleen 12). Effects on human welfare When temperatures increase, they affect the quality of life in the world; people are not enjoying their life to their fullest. Increased temperatures have an effect on human psychology and socially he can have limited enjoyment of life. The massive campaigns on the probable effects of global warming are not working well with human welfare. The diseases that can be directly or indirectly be attributed to global warming have a negative effect on human welfare. Global warming is like ly to have negative effects on people’s economies, geography, urban planning, and sociology, when the above attributes of life have been affected, then the human welfare is affected negatively.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When icecaps melt and water levels increase; recreational features and places are reduced, at coastal places, there are higher risks of high tides and waves that are dangerous to human beings thus reducing relational activities along the coast (Colleen 23). Conclusion Global warming is the increase in earth surface temperature, which results in increased global sea level. The major cause of global warming is human activities especially in this era of industrialization; it has a negative effect on human health, settlement and welfare. Colleen, Reid. Analyses of the Effects of Global Change on Human Health and Welfare and Human Systems . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Sep. 2008. Web. Print. Ernesto , Zedillo. Global warming: looking beyond Kyoto. Washington: Brookings Institution Press, 2008.Print.

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh

Ulysses S Grant at the Battle of Shiloh General Ulysses Grant’s overwhelming victories at Forts Henry and Donelson in February 1862 caused the withdrawal of Confederate forces not only from the State of Kentucky but also from most of Western Tennessee. Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston positioned his forces, numbered at 45,000 troops, at and around Corinth, Mississippi. This location was an important transportation center since it was a junction for both the Mobile Ohio and Memphis Charleston railroads, often referred to as the crossroads of the Confederacy. General Johnston Dies During a Sneak Attack By April 1862, Major General Grant’s Army of Tennessee had grown to nearly 49,000 soldiers. They needed a rest, so Grant made camp on the western side of the Tennessee River at Pittsburg Landing while he was awaiting re-enforcements and also training soldiers who had no battle experience. Grant was also planning with Brigadier General William T. Sherman for their attack on the Confederate Army at Corinth, Mississippi. Further, Grant was waiting for the Army of Ohio to arrive, commanded by Major General Don Carlos Buell.   Instead of sitting and waiting at Corinth, General Johnston had moved his Confederate troops near Pittsburg Landing. On the morning of April 6, 1862, Johnston made a surprise attack against Grant’s Army pushing their backs up against the Tennessee River. Around 2:15 p.m. that day, Johnston was shot behind his right knee and  died within an hour. Before his death, Johnston sent his personal physician to treat injured Union soldiers. There is speculation that Johnston didn’t feel the injury to his right knee due to numbness from a wound to his pelvis that he suffered from a duel fought during the Texas War for Independence in 1837. Grants Counter Attack The Confederate forces were now led by General Pierre G.T. Beauregard. Though Grants forces were believed to be vulnerable, Beauregard made what would prove to be an unwise decision to cease fighting near dusk of that first day. That evening, Major General Buell and his 18,000 soldiers finally arrived at Grant’s camp near Pittsburg’s Landing. In the morning, Grant made his counter-attack against the Confederate forces resulting in a major victory for the Union Army. In addition, Grant and Sherman forged a close friendship on the Shiloh battlefield that remained with them throughout the Civil War and arguably led to the ultimate victory by Union at the end of this conflict.   Battle of Shiloh The Battle of Shiloh is probably one of the most significant battles of the Civil War. In addition to losing the battle, the Confederacy suffered a loss that may have cost them the war- Brigadier General Albert Sidney Johnston’s death that happened on the first day of the battle. History has considered General Johnston to have been the Confederacy’s most able commander at the time of his death – Robert E. Lee was not a field commander at this time- as Johnston had been a career military officer with over 30 years of active experience. By the end of the war, Johnston would be the highest ranking officer killed on either side.   The Battle of Shiloh was the deadliest battle in the history of the U.S. up until that time with casualties that exceeded a total of 23,000 for both sides. After the Battle of Shiloh, it was quite clear to Grant that the only way to defeat the Confederacy would be to destroy their armies. Grant Excels Despite His Alcoholism Although Grant received both praise and criticism for his actions leading up to and during the Battle of Shiloh, Major General Henry Halleck removed Grant from command of the Army of the Tennessee and transferred command to Brigadier General George H. Thomas. Halleck based his decision partially on allegations of alcoholism on the part of Grant and promoted Grant to the position of being second-in-command of the western armies, which essentially removed Grant from being an active field commander. Grant wanted to command, and he was ready to resign and walk away until Sherman convinced him otherwise. After Shiloh, Halleck made a snail crawl to Corinth, Mississippi taking 30 days to move his army 19 miles and in the process allowed the entire Confederate force stationed there just to walk away. Needless to say, Grant was returned to his position of commanding the Army of the Tennessee and Halleck became the Union’s general-in-chief. This means that Halleck moved away from the front and became a bureaucrat whose major responsibility was the coordination of all Union forces in the field. This was a key decision as Halleck was able to excel in this position and work well with Grant as they continued to fight the Confederacy.

Exploring the Impacts of Migration on UK Labour Market Dissertation

Exploring the Impacts of Migration on UK Labour Market - Dissertation Example The researcher states that one of the strongest trends in the modern world is globalization. The process of globalization has led to creation of united and single world, where national and other barriers do not play significant role anymore. It is more reasonable to talk about one world, rather than about the different countries. We are living in the age of cultural and political mix, global communication and collective responsibility for the future of our planet. Among the factors that have led to a high degree of globalization the following ones may be pointed out. First of all, development of transport infrastructure has decreased distances between the different places in the world. It was almost impossible for people from Europe to visit America in the 18th century. Nowadays, it is a simple thing. Second of all, technological development should be mentioned. For instance, development of Internet has eased communication for people from the whole world. It is not a problem to find a friend on the other mainland nowadays. Finally, the mentioned factors and economic interests has helped international companies to overcome national borders and establish a single global business environment. The words that business interests are among the reasons for globalization can be proved by the following quote. â€Å"In order to remain competitive, companies move as quickly as possible to secure a strong position in some of the key world or emerging markets with products customized for the need of the people in such areas in which they plan to establish. Most of these world markets are attracting companies with new capital investments with very good incentives†. The reasons for globalization have been technological development, growth of transport infrastructure, cultural and political assimilation, internationalization of business, etc. However, we should also talk about consequences of globalization. The main consequence of globalization is, of course, creation of a single global market, political and social environment. Development of a global labour market has also been among the consequences of globalization. One of the main features of global labour market is growing degree of migration of employees between the countries. It is a natural fact that developed countries attract more people from the developing states, who are looking for better quality of life. As a result, immigration to the developed countries has become a typical entity. Influence of immigration on UK labour market is going to be the main object of this research. Labour market is one of the most important areas of national economy along with production area, international area and price area. That is why there have been a lot of discussions among this particular market between theoretical and practical economists. Usually, such discussions have been related to the factor of labour market’s efficiency. There are a lot of characteristics of this efficiency. However, the most important are the level of wages and the level of unemployment. These characteristics depend on the whole range of factors.

Leadership styles and their impact on the effective development of Dissertation

Leadership styles and their impact on the effective development of faculty members at the College(sechool) of Education at Ha'il - Dissertation Example The Impact 29 1.3. A Brief Look at Ha’il University and College XYZ 31 1.4. Some Gaps 33 Summary 34 Chapter 2 Methodology of Research 35 2.0. Introduction 35 2.1. Qualitative and Quantitative Methodology 36 2.2. Collection of Data 39 2.2.1. Qualitative Survey 39 2.2.2. Interview 40 2.2.3. Sampling Size 43 2.3. Validity and Reliability 44 2.4. Data analysis 47 2.5. Ethical considerations 48 Chapter 3 Results 49 3.0. Introduction 49 3.1. Questionnaire Results 50 3.3. The Interview 59 Summary 61 Chapter 4 Discussion 62 4.0. Introduction 63 4.1. The Research Questions and Departments XYZ of College XYZ at Ha’il University 63 4.2. Leadership Styles in the Academe: A Fertile Ground 65 4.3. Development of Faculty Members: More than Just Encouragement 67 4.4. The Relationship: Leadership Styles and Development of Faculty Members 69 4.5. The Impact and Effect of Leadership Styles to Faculty Development 73 4.4.1. Departments XYZ of College XYZ at Ha’il University 74 Summar y 75 Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusion, and Recommendations 77 5.1. Summary 78 5.2. Conclusion 79 5.3. Recommendations 81 References 84 Appendices 101 List of Figures, Tables, and Charts Figure 1 p. 5 Figure 2 p.9 Figure 3 p. 11 Figure 4 p. 15 Table 1 p. 16 Chart 1 p. 36 Chart 2 p. 37 Chart 3 p. 38 Chart 4 p. 38 Chart 5 p. 39 Chart 6 p. 40 Chart 7 p. 40 Chart 8 p. 41 Chart 9 p. 42 Abstract Education is one of the most value–laden institutions in modern society but like other organisations, it faces the challenge of keeping its identity and embracing the ethos of corporatism. In this regard, as universities and colleges embrace the current duality of its nature, understanding leadership styles in the Academe vis-a-vis development of faculty members has become pivotal as higher educational institutions meet the demands of the 21st century. As such, this study will look into how leadership styles impact and influences the development of faculty members. This study is significant as there are limited studies pertinent to leadership styles and faculty development in developing countries. As such, this research will help in augmenting the literature tackling the said issue. This research will be addressing the primary question â€Å"What is the effect and impact of leadership in the development of faculty members?† In order to clarify further this issue, the following sub-questions will also be answered by the study. These are (1) What leadership styles are deemed most effective for faculty members? (2) What is the relationship, if any, between leadership styles and development of faculty members? (3) What kinds of leadership styles are used by three department heads at the College of XYZ at Ha'il University? In order to address the questions, a qualitative case study had been adopted. Some of the results of the study are: (1) Combination of leadership styles is used by leaders in the Academe in general and in Departments of X, Y, and Z in particular. (2) Leadership styles provide the arena or environment where creativity may flourish or scholarly pursuit may stagnate. (3) Leadership styles serve as a ‘push and pull factor’ in the development of faculty members. Finally, it has been observed that leadership styles are the necessary condition for authentic faculty development. Introduction Background of the Study Education provides the path in which the freedom from mental slavery is attained. To this end, higher education is one of the institutions recognize to be most-value laden in modern society (Scott 2004).

To what extent have OTC derivatives been a major factor in the global Dissertation

To what extent have OTC derivatives been a major factor in the global financial crisis - Dissertation Example (In  his 2002 Berkshire Hathaway (NYSE: BK) letter to shareholders, company chairman and CEO Warren Buffet) This dissertation paper attempts to explore the extent to which derivatives can be considered to be one of the major factors that have led to the current problems in the global financial sector and looks at what steps can be taken to prevent a crisis on this scale happening again. This shall be on the basis of a review of the available literature. OTC Derivatives and the Global Financial Crisis Table of Contents Abstract Page 2 Table of Contents Page 3 Chapter 1 Introduction Page 4 Chapter 2 Literature Review Page 6 Chapter 3 Research Methods Page 32 Chapter 4 Analysis and discussion of research findings Page 33 Chapter 5 Conclusions and recommendations Page 42 Chapter 1: Introduction Outline the project Aims and objectives Reason for choosing this The research methodology Any limitations of the research The main findings The onset of the Great Recession of 2008 was preceded by a slump in the housing market and a credit crunch that affected the entire economy of the United States. The ensuing financial crisis acquired global dimensions though at first it seemed that the US would be the hardest hit due to the crisis. Even though the US Congress passed the TARP or the Troubled Asset Relief Program to provide assistance to the banks worst hit by the crisis, the recession continued unabated. Further, the crisis itself was thought to have been brought about by a combination of factors that included poor regulatory oversight over the derivatives side of the banking business, predatory lending and the ill effects of well intentioned efforts to spread the risk associated with sub-prime lending across the financial system. This paper looks at the role of derivative instruments and derivative securitization specifically in terms of the effect that they had on the financial system and how unchecked â€Å"gambling† by the banks led to â€Å"casino capitalis m† and the resultant financial crisis that engulfed the entire economy and even other parts of the world. Since the focus of this paper is mainly on the United States and derivatives in particular, the available literature would be surveyed on these aspects. The emphasis throughout the paper would be on a critical analysis of the literature with a questioning attitude that goes beyond a normal review. The aim of this dissertation is to examine the role played by OTC Derivatives in causing the global financial crisis and the continuing aftermath of the crisis. The last part of the sentence above is significant as the derivatives having played a part in exacerbating the crisis have continued to torment the regulators and the investors alike who are yet to tackle the â€Å"volcano of derivatives† which are sitting on top of the financial system. Further, this dissertation also discusses the attempts at regulating the derivatives by the various regulatory agencies involved and the way ahead to avoid a repeat of the crisis that we saw in the winter of 2008. The dissertation is divided into different sections with the literature review and the research findings being the ones with the most emphasis. In addition to these two sections, the research methodology and the conclusions are given due weightage according to the marking criteria for the dissertation. Chapter 2: Literature Review 1.1 Background The global financia

Managing Finance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Finance - Research Proposal Example it mainly emphasizes on the projecting the demands (De-Almeida & William, 2014). Therefore, Wal-Mart mainly use of the flexible and static budgeting process and procedures. It is dependent on the forecasted demands that are based on the past sales and projections of the new products, season, consumer behavior and perception for developing budgeting processes. The management accounting system of Wal-Mart have been constantly changed and upgraded according to the advancement in the information technology and business environment. Currently, the company emphasizes on Just In Time, Inventory management and Economic Quantity Order techniques used in its management accounting system (Anon., 2014). However, these management accounting systems of the company has been amended with the passage of time. Wal-mart is focused on the low costing strategies. Hence, the adoption and changes in the management accounting systems of the company has been taken place time to time. The determinant to prevailing changes in the management accounting system is dependent on the external factors that the company aims to anticipate. The costing processes of Wal-Mart are very well maintained and are done by professional auditors all over the globe. The practices carried out in the factories are analyzed and are further characterized so that better check and balance can be made. The requirement standards of Wal-Mart, Labor policies, the payroll of the workforce, the rules and regulations provided by the Law are being followed within the factory or not? And the health and safety conditions are the essential of the â€Å"Audit Reviews†. After the examination of the practices of the factories Wal-Mart takes the decision to work with the factories or not (Bandy, 2013). The Wal-Mart is working in three major businesses. The priority of the organization is to improve the financial organization; this is due to the drastic changes in the financial sector. The

Leading Global Workforce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Leading Global Workforce - Assignment Example Caligiuri, Lepak and Bonache (2010) point out, since most of the modern organizations operate with a global view, they think that maintaining a culturally diverse workplace environment is essential to accomplish their long term objectives (p.na). A global recruitment approach can really benefit the organizations to access human talent and professional expertise effectively. The firms may rely on their permanent employees to perform managerial tasks and other crucial organizational tasks whereas they may use contingent workers to do their less important or monotonous nature of work. According to Stickney (2008, p.35), cost saving is the major benefit of using contingent workers because organizations do not need to pay temporary workers for downtime. In addition, companies do not want to offer benefits such as vacation time, holiday pay, sick leave, and health insurance to temporary workers. Another advantage is that it provides organizations with a broad talent pool from which they can select during special projects with a short deadline. According to Denisi and Griffin (2005, p.548), decreased loyalty and productivity may be the major demerits of using contingent workers as these people depend on a number of employers to earn income. High training costs is another risk of this employment strategy because contingent professionals are less likely to work for a single organization in the long term. In order to consider contingent work as beneficial and practical, employers’ and employees’ viewpoints and notions of work and career need to be changed. First, employers should understand that contingent workers can contribute significantly to the organizational productivity even if they work for a temporary period. In addition, they should not consider the training costs for contingent workers as non-productive spending. Likewise, employees should not think that contingent workers would threaten their job but identify the supporting role the contingent professionals

Managing Finance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Finance - Research Proposal Example it mainly emphasizes on the projecting the demands (De-Almeida & William, 2014). Therefore, Wal-Mart mainly use of the flexible and static budgeting process and procedures. It is dependent on the forecasted demands that are based on the past sales and projections of the new products, season, consumer behavior and perception for developing budgeting processes. The management accounting system of Wal-Mart have been constantly changed and upgraded according to the advancement in the information technology and business environment. Currently, the company emphasizes on Just In Time, Inventory management and Economic Quantity Order techniques used in its management accounting system (Anon., 2014). However, these management accounting systems of the company has been amended with the passage of time. Wal-mart is focused on the low costing strategies. Hence, the adoption and changes in the management accounting systems of the company has been taken place time to time. The determinant to prevailing changes in the management accounting system is dependent on the external factors that the company aims to anticipate. The costing processes of Wal-Mart are very well maintained and are done by professional auditors all over the globe. The practices carried out in the factories are analyzed and are further characterized so that better check and balance can be made. The requirement standards of Wal-Mart, Labor policies, the payroll of the workforce, the rules and regulations provided by the Law are being followed within the factory or not? And the health and safety conditions are the essential of the â€Å"Audit Reviews†. After the examination of the practices of the factories Wal-Mart takes the decision to work with the factories or not (Bandy, 2013). The Wal-Mart is working in three major businesses. The priority of the organization is to improve the financial organization; this is due to the drastic changes in the financial sector. The

A Discussion on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Essay

A Discussion on Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa - Essay Example Anorexia and bulimia nervosa are two conditions that have been found to be predominant in females and that too in a certain age group. These are two of the most common eating disorders that are currently affecting many females and a small population of males in the world. The media is one of the main factors that is said to contribute towards it, and other things such as expectations of the society or pressure from external sources also can lead to such behaviors. However, excluding these pressures and factors, many women still develop these conditions, suggesting underlying physical mechanisms involved in the progression of the condition. Many physicians and researchers maintain that media does not significantly cause the attitude towards anorexia and bulimia; however, researchers continue to show that there is the significant role that media has played in portraying and publicizing ideal body contours. This poses questions about other contributors and etiological factors in the dev elopment of bulimia and anorexia other than the media. Biological components, for example, are being considered as possible culprits, along with genetics, family history and social history of the female. Anorexia nervosa is defined as the eating disorder where the person intentionally tries to lose weight by more than 15% of the normal expected weight for that age, height, and sex. Mostly this control over the self-body image is through three types: restricting, binging and binge eating and purging. Main characteristics of anorexia include rapid loss of weight, loss of hair, depression and depressive behavior, eccentric dietary habits, abuse of diuretics, loss of libido, and low body temperature and blood pressures. It is one of the leading causes of mortality among the psychiatric conditions. (Schlundt, 2008) The men also fall into these eating disorders but the prevalence is low. This concept, however, can lead to misdiagnosis and overlooking the condition in the male subjects, th erefore, careful evaluation in men is as necessary as in women before any conclusive diagnosis is reached. Below is the culmination of the various literature reviews, medical articles and researchers, and studies that have been carried out in attempt to understand the phenomenon of anorexia and bulimia nervosa. The path to the discovery of these two syndromes has been also briefly discussed, along with the various psychology theories that have been introduced in order to better define the syndromes. The possible etiological factors that can lead to these conditions are explored and the various factors that can contribute or coexist with these conditions are also evaluated. Finally, the last section aims to highlight some of the options that are currently being used to treat anorexia and bulimia disorders.

Physical - Circuit Essay Example for Free

Physical Circuit Essay Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps)Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? )Â   As the table shows above, the resistance of the length 5cm and 10cm were equal, and then it suddenly decreases. This shows theres an error; I think it happened because we didnt set our circuit in the correct positon. Table 5: This table shows the details about normal wires used in the experiment, Constantan wire with diameter of 0. 90mm, however is longer than the one before, retry. First Tried Second Tried Third Tried Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? ). This seems to be nice results as it shows; the resistance were rising up slowly as the length grows. It proved this is a nice experiment, and let us understand this wire could be use for transferring the current through. Table 6: This table gives the results about the different kind of wires used in the experiment, Nichrome wire with diameter of 0. 90mm. First Tried Second Tried Third Tried Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps)Â   Â  Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? )Â   This graph shows a very clear results, the increase of resistance were easy to see, from the positive correlation shown. This means that this is quiet a good test, it dont seems to have any error in this experiment. Table 7: This table gives the details about the third wires used in the experiment, Copper wire with diameter of 0. 90mm. First Tried Second Tried Third Tried Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Length (centimetres) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? ) This result shows the metal which can transfer the least resistance through by the differences of the length. It was mostly under , this means that we cant use this much as the time were transferring a large amount of currents. Table 8: This table have the results which copper wires were heated in the beaker of water. Wire length equals to 100cm long. Room temperature were 24Ci. First Tried Second Tried Third Tried Temperature (Ci ) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Temperature (Ci) Voltage (Volts) Current (amps) Resistance (? )Â   The last experiment we done, by putting a wire with length 100cm, diameter of 90mm into boiling water. Our result shows more clear on the table than the graph. As we can see, the resistance only raise a bit as the temperature goes up. But the difference from 30 Ci to 50 Ci were higher than what I expect, I think this is because of the temperature were not fix while we were recording our results down to our table. Compare and Contrast. This is the averages of the 3 wires. By showing this on a graph we could be able to tell which wire has the highest resistance. Constantan Wire Copper Wire Nichrome Wire Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ) Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ) Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ) By reading the graph, we could see that Nicrhome Wire have the highest resistance out of the three wires, so we could tell that it can allows least current flow through each time compare to the rest of them. If one day we have to choose a wire from this three to pass current through, the best is using the Copper Wire, it got the lowest resistance which means it have a high amount of current can pass through per second. If we dont want the electricity to flow through easily, we will choose the Nichrome Wire, because it only allows small amount of current to pass through each time. Constantan Wire was a normal wire, it cant be use for high resistance flowing, but it can allow more current flow at each time compare to the Nichrome Wire. However, we could see that the resistance were rising up no matter which materials of wire we have chosen, so that means they still conduct electricity, so we shouldnt touch it while having this kind of experiment. Compare and Contrast 2 This is the averages of the 3 different diameters of wires. By showing this on a graph we could be able to tell that which diameters can allows the most resistance to pass through. Wire with 0. 45mm Wire with 0. 9mm Wire with 1. 25mm Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ) Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ) Length (centimetres) Resistance (? ). By looking at the graph, we could see that Constantan Wire with 0. 45mm of diameter have the highest resistance out of all. So we could tell that it can allow high amount of resistance but low amount of current flow through each time compare to the rest of them. The wire with diameter of 1. 25mm can allows the lowest resistance, that means it could have highest current to flow through each time. However, we could see that the resistance were rising up no matter which diameter of wire we have chosen, so that means they still conduct electricity, so we can use it to let current pass through. Evaluation In my experiment, Ive found out theres some error occurs. In my first results, by using the length of 15cm, the resistance seems to be a little bit different from the rest, so it didnt showed as a straight line. This might because my circuit werent set correctly, so this error occurred. For the second experiment I did, theres seems to be a error at the second try of length 10cm, the number seems to be too high compare to the rest of them, I believe this happened because we accidentally crash the variable resistor. Then in Table 3 we got an error again, the current of the wire seems to be a lot more higher, Im sure this occurs because the resistor is not working well, and also the circuit were kind of messy, might affect the results we got. Then we got an error results shows at Table 4, none of the results can fit with Table 3, there were the same wire, same diameter, only the length we tested is different, but the results we got were too out of range, so I can say that this is a failed try out. So we re-do the experiment using this wire again. I think that this happened because the ammeter is down, the current were keep increasing by every few seconds. In Table 8, for testing the temperature, it seems to be a nice results, however the different of 50Ci and 30Ci were larger than what I have expect, so I could tell that the temperature of the water might not be as accurate as the time we measured. Also it might because some water spread out of the beaker, onto the wires; this should be changing my normal results. Also, Im not really sure about how the resistor works with ammeter; therefore by accidentally move it might decrease the accuracy of my results as well. The results of resistance might be different because the circuit we set werent exactly the same, therefore it might also be some differences compare to the first time, the first results we got. So, maybe next time we should have used the same circuit, and do all of the experiment in same time, and it might have a better results in future. Conclusion. In my own opinion, I believe this is quiet a nice experiment, and I also get some good results as well. Ive found out that my prediction was correct, about the copper wire with a diameter of 90mm will transfer the least energy compare to the rest of the two. I also learned about the circuit of electricity, I could now tell how the current flowing was, and how it could be measured. By looking at the results Ive got, I was really please, even though some mistakes happened in the experiment, but we still success to finish our experiment in the time limit, which is such a great thing to celebrate. Resistor can be use to protect the ammeter, this is a very useful apparatus; I know the ammeter was an important character in the circuit while measuring the resistance. So if the ammeter were damage cause of the flowing current were too high, this will be a very bad news for us. So take care of the equipment is another important thing I learn from this experiment. If I have a chance to repeat the experiment, I would be likely to set my circuit up just like this time, because there shall be less problems. And I might use the copper wire more often in the circuit, using copper wires it allows more current to pass through compare to the Nicrhome and Constantan wires, which might help in my future life. Bibliography: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits http://www. circuitcity. com/ccd/home. do Science Investigation Report Daniel F5D 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout

Wellbore Instability and Borehole Breakout Introduction: Despite the development of oil and gas industry technology, Wellbore instability remains one of non productive time that cost industry billions every year. wellbore instability has been one of the well planning stage and been studied widely (Bradley,1979; Bell, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003; Gentzis et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2009; Ding, 2011). Drilling through a formation led to stress changing a round the borehole due to rock removal. In this analysis, mud weight pressure is the controllable parameter during the drilling. The mud weight pressure effects can cause two failure mechanisms which are shear failure (breakout) and tensile failure (fracturing), these problems consider as the main wellbore failure. Borehole breakout happens when the mud weight is lower than expected. in other word, the breakout failure occurs when the stress imposed by drilling mud lower than compressive strength. On the other hand, higher mud weight can lead to tensile failure due to invade of mud into the fo rmation. The consequences behind these problems are stuck pipe, reaming operation, lost circulation, and sidetracking. To eliminate these problems many parameters should be considered such us rock strength, pore pressure, in-situ stress, and stress orientation. Furthermore, breakout and fracturing can be diminishing or eliminate by choosing the suitable mud weight for drilling. By using a constitutive model to predict the stresses around the wellbore connected with a failure criteria, Strength of reservoir rocks can be calculated. Hence, selection of the suitable failure criteria will consider as the main part of wellbore stability analysis. Borehole breakout is an enlargement and elongation of wellbore in a particular direction and it considers as the important indicators to predict the orientation of min. horizontal stress. This enlargement can be predicted by using 4-6 arm caliper tool, Optical imaging log, resistive image log, and acoustic image log (Jaeger et al.,2009; Bell and Gough, 1979; Zoback et al.,1985).   Figure (1) shows wellbore enlargement pattern via 4 arm caliper. The 4 arms caliper has 4 pads in two calipers (pad 1 and 3) represent Caliper 1 (C1) and (pad 2 and 4) represent caliper 2 (C2). The diameter of the hole can be identified from those two calipers. Fig 1a represents an in-gauge hole cause C1 and C2 have same reading of bit size. In contrast 1C shows a severe washout in hole size and caliper reading show this enlargement. Stand on well logs data and empirical equations, the rock strength and mechanical properties can be obtained (Rahimi, 2014). (Westergarrd. 1940) in-situ stress can be obtained by elastic characteristic equations. Also, from elastoplastic characteristic equation in-situ stress can be calculated (chang et al., 2006). As well , (LOT) and mini frac. test can help us to determine in-situ stresses (Bardley 1979b). Many models have been built to determine the induced stress in a circular well and predict the suitable mud pressure by using Failure criteria. In this analysis, three failure criteria have been used to predict the proper mud weight in the Nahr Umr formation in southern Iraq. The three failure criteria are Mohr-coulomb, Mogi-coulomb, and modified lade. Fig (1) Caliper log responses due to wellbore enlargement (Tingay ) Geological properties of the field and the target reservoir. The H oil filed is a land-based field located in southeastern Iraq between the city of  Basra and the Kuwait border (Figure 2). The field is an anticline that runs roughly north-west to south-southeast approximately 60 km long and 10-15 km wide. The anticline of H field has four domes divided by saddles, from the northwest to southeast these are: Al-Hamar Shuaiba Rafidyah Safwan Fig (3) The four domes in H filed The discovered reserves are contained in five reservoirs: Mishrif, Nahr Umr, Zubair 3rd Pay, Zubair 4th Pay and Yamama. (Figure 3) represents well stratigraphic. Nahr Umr Formation is an interesting potential water source zone due to the abundance of log data through the unit, water salinity that is compatible with the Mishrif and Zubair Formation waters, and the reported extent and strength of the aquifer. It is composed mainly of Sandstone interbedded with streaks of (Shale, Siltstone Limestone). Average thickness of Nahr Umr formation is +/- 260 m and the porosity exceed 25% with an average of 20% permeability ranges from 1000 md to 9000 md. Depends on information from more than fifteen wells, shear failure has been noticed in Nahr Umr formation specially at the shale layers. This breakout has been shown on shale shaker and by caliper log. Fig (4) stratigraphic of H field

Immigration and Immigrants are Destroying America Essay -- Argumentati

The U.S. is slammed by growing numbers in population. It seems that many do not think of the long term effects of this increase. This is one of the most significant problems Americans face today, yet no one talks about the problem, when it comes to the debate over immigration. â€Å"The current world population is over 6 billion and increases at a rate of 76,570,430 people every year. Since 1950, U.S. population has nearly doubled - growing from 151 million to over 294 million today. If present trends continue, our population will exceed 400 million by the year 2050. Immigration contributes over one million people to the U.S. population annually. The total foreign-born population in the U.S. is now 31.1 million, a record 57 percent increase since 1990. About 8 million of those are here illegally--a 4.5 million increase since 1990. Almost one-third of all immigration during the 1990s was illegal. An NPG demographic analysis of age distribution, fertility, and mortality data sho ws that if there had been no immigration to the U.S. since 1990, the population in 2000 would have been 262 million–19 million less than the 281 million counted. Thus, post-1990 immigrants and their children accounted for 61 percent of population growth during the last decade.† (Negative Population Growth. 2004. http://www.npg.org/index.html). Supporters of letting more immigrants come into the country claim that immigrants do not take away jobs from the hard working American. They have a claim that it actually helps boost America’s economy by increasing the purchasing of goods. Advocates of immigration, claim that Americans think they are too good to hold certain jobs and immigrants fill the jobs Americans do not want. The Director of Workforce Success, Phylis Eisen states, â€Å"Tens of thousands of jobs go unfilled in the high tech industry. The Hewlett-Packards, the Intels, the Motorollas, the entire semi-conducting industry has to fill forty-thousand jobs in the next three years. If they can’t do this, they have to go overseas. The companies always prefer to stay in America.† (Immigration: Promise and Hope for Generations. 1998). This does not seem to be the case when so many companies actually leave their U.S. home factories and build new ones in third world countries. (The Big One. Michael Moore. 1998). Why would any company prefer to stay in America when they could ... ... Jessica. â€Å"Should We Keep Them Out?† Time Oct. 2001.). If America would have tightened its security to begin with there would not be this problem. All because of the lack of the U.S. immigration policy, America is left only with the memories of those who lost their live on September eleventh. Where does America draw the line? America is literally destroying itself because there are no solid grounds on immigration in the U.S. After September eleventh, a new â€Å"secure† policy on immigration was launched. How long until this new way of controlling America’s immigration is forgot about like so many other actual laws that were proposed? The U.S. cannot let its land be turned into a madhouse where people are everywhere. American’s jobs, education, taxes, comfort, economy, and most important safety, are on the front line battlefield. The U.S. government and its people need to get serious about who is let into this country. A revolution needs to be made and engraved into the public of its new reform. If America continues to sit back and be overtaken by booming numbers from other countries, America will eventually destroy itself. It will be the death of a nation.

How to Brief a Case Using the “IRAC” Method

Located in an upscale neighborhood, then perhaps it could argue that its failure to provide security patrols is reasonable. If the business is located in a crime-ridden area, When briefing a case, your goal is to reduce the information from the case into a format that will provide you with a helpful reference in class and for review.Most importantly, by â€Å"briefing† a case, you will grasp the problem the court faced (the issue); the relevant law the court used to solve it (the rule); how the court applied the rule to the facts (the application or â€Å"analysis†); and the outcome (the conclusion). You will then be ready to not only discuss the case, but to compare and contrast it to other cases involving a similar issue.Before attempting to â€Å"brief† a case, read the case at least once. Follow the â€Å"IRAC† method in briefing cases: Facts*Write a brief summary of the facts as the court found them to be. Eliminate facts that are not relevant to the court’s analysis. For example, a business’s street address is probably not relevant to the court’s decision of the issue of whether the business that sold a defective product is liable for the resulting injuries to the plaintiff. However, suppose a customer who was assaulted as she left its store is suing the business.The customer claims that her injuries were the reasonably foreseeable result of the business’s failure to provide security patrols. If the business is then perhaps the customer is right. Instead of including the street address in the case brief, you may want to simply describe the type of neighborhood in which it is located. (Note: the time of day would be another relevant factor in this case, among others).Procedural History*What court authored the opinion: The United States Supreme Court? The California Court of Appeal? The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals? (Hint: Check under the title of the case: The Court and year of the decision will be given). If a trial court issued the decision, is it based on a trial, or motion for summary judgment, etc.? If an appellate court issued the decision, how did the lower courts decide the case?IssueWhat is the question presented to the court? Usually, only one issue will be discussed, but sometimes there will be more. What are the parties fighting about, and what are they asking the court to decide? For example, in the case of the assaulted customer, the issue for a trial court to decide might be whether the business had a duty to the customer to provide security patrols.The answer to the question will help to ultimately determine * This applies to case briefs only, and not exams. Use the IRAC method in answering exams: Issue/Rule/Analysis/Conclusion. whether the business is liable for negligently failing to provide security patrols: whether the defendant owed plaintiff a duty of care, and what that duty of care is, are key issues in negligence claims.Rule(s):Determine what the relev ant rules of law are that the court uses to make its decision. These rules will be identified and discussed by the court. For example, in the case of the assaulted customer, the relevant rule of law is that a property owner’s duty to prevent harm to invitees is determined by balancing the foreseeability of the harm against the burden of preventive measures.There may be more than one relevant rule of law to a case: for example, in a negligence case in which the defendant argues that the plaintiff assumed the risk of harm, the relevant rules of law could be the elements of negligence, and the definition of â€Å"assumption of risk† as a defense. Don’t just simply list the cause of action, such as â€Å"negligence† as a rule of law: What rule must the court apply to the facts to determine the outcome?Application/Analysis:This may be the most important portion of the brief. The court will have examined the facts in light of the rule, and probably considered a ll â€Å"sides† and arguments presented to it. How courts apply the rule to the facts and analyze the case must be understood in order to properly predict outcomes in future cases involving the same issue. What does the court consider to be a relevant fact given the rule of law?How does the court interpret the rule: for example, does the court consider monetary costs of providing security patrols in weighing the burden of preventive measures? Does the court imply that if a business is in a dangerous area, then it should be willing to bear a higher cost for security? Resist the temptation to merely repeat what the court said in analyzing the facts: what does it mean to you? Summarize the court’s rationale in your own words. If you encounter a word that you do not know, use a dictionary to find its meaning.ConclusionWhat was the final outcome of the case? In one or two sentences, state the court’s ultimate finding. For example, the business did not owe the assault ed customer a duty to provide security patrols.

African People in the Global Village Essay

Certain things happen in one’s life, whether one likes them or not. You can not stand apart from it; you need to experience the process of going through it. Let me give the example of a car. It has two types of movements-forward movement and lateral movement. The energy (petrol, gas etc. ) relates to forward movement, without which the car can not start. You have no control over it. As for the lateral movement, you as the individual driving the car, have the control over its speed-you can drive it through the royal road, narrow lane, drive at 120 kms. per hour or just 30 kms- or not drive at all. Just lock it in the garage for days together! You are living in a changing world- very fast changing world. The modified lifestyles, due to industrial revolution, the modern materialistic civilization, the internet revolution, are mind-boggling. You need to run your race, accelerate the steps, clear the hurdles and move towards the goal. Stop in between at your own peril! Survival under tough conditions and competition are not magic. Nor an element of chance is involved. The wise saying goes, â€Å"When the going gets tough, the tough gets going. † Survival will be extremely difficult for the African people in the global village, unless tangible steps, all-comprehensive projects are drawn up and implemented with speed and imagination, by responsible leaders and people. The test of the leadership lies in involving the people actively and willingly in such projects. African people in the Global village- the summary: Africa is a big continent. The vastness of the area, multiplicity of ethnic conflicts, the fierce tribal loyalty prevailing even today, the religious factors, the difficult past, the historical factors some of which do exercise telling effect on the African society and mind-set even today, render the solution difficult. John K. Marah, who is the Associate Professor and Coordinator in the African and African-American Studies Department at SUNY at Brockport, makes a concerned and well-studied approach to offer solution in the book African People in the Global Village and the possible direction which they need to follow. Moreover, due to historical reasons, African people (the black race) are spread all over the Western World. They are a noticeable political force, an awakened society in Countries like USA. Marah categorically opines that it is no use brooding over the past, its failures and bitter memories. He does the examination of the present situation from an open-minded perspective. Confrontation at every stage is not going to help the cause of the African people. They have to know their place and find out the ways and means to evolve within the global village. He calls it ‘multidisciplinary approach and well-rounded understanding’. Right from the beginning of the book, Marah is aware that he is up to a difficult task, and the subject matter of the book, â€Å"African People in the Global Village,† can not be discussed in isolation. Yet, he takes the direct plunge into the serious subject matter. The book has neither a preface nor a forward. For a highly sensitive and complicated subject like this, author’s detailed background would have been a helpful factor, but that is not given in the book. The biographical sketch is not provided. Nevertheless, it is a determined and well-informed effort to broach the subject matter which is so vast viewed from tough, social, political, historical, economic and cultural perspectives. The problems are ever growing like the octopus expanding in many directions and only a radical solution like Pan-Africanism is the solution according to Marah. But, to define Pan-Africanism is not the easiest of the tasks. He concludes that African people have no other choice but to move forward at a rapid pace, with the qualities of head and heart-be dynamic without destruction! Marah begins his book on a tough note. â€Å"African Sensibilities in the Global Village. † He fails to give a clear message in this chapter– one can not expect him to do so. The subject matte is so vast, complicated and the concern of Marah to offer a desperate solution to a desperate situation can be seen. He realizes his limitations-the subject matter he is up to tackle can not be discussed in isolation—by referring to the conditions of the African people alone! Their so-called more fortunate brothers in America also have their own problems and deep fears on many vital and fundamental issues! It would be prudent to link the problems of the black people of America with the black people of Africa, as Marah rightly argues. At the end of the chapter he specifies, `in this book we examine the position of African people in Africa and the United States with particular emphasis on some of their salient predicaments in the global system†¦. ‘( Marah, 1998 p. 16). Having said this, Marah realizes about the uphill task ahead for him, for he fails to give appropriate solutions or alternatives. The discussions in the book naturally and essentially take him to outside Regions, where black race matters. In chapter 4, he discusses this aspect in detail. The black people issue is like the issue of a flowing river. It can not be discussed in parts. The river as a whole will have to be discussed to understand it. Its beginning, its course of flow and the area through which it passes, etc! Marah has a message for the black people and the leadership. Some inspiring political and economic leadership has to take over and lead, to achieve the set goal. He makes a case for the entry of socio-spiritual leadership to play its role, because what the Global Village Africa needs is not only fine projects but fine individuals to implement the projects-that is what he means when he says about the ability of the people to survive in a new environment. New skills are required to push ahead in such circumstances. The thought process of the people requires a new orientation and change. When the thoughts are changed, the mind is changed; when he mind is changed, the man is changed; when the man is changed, the society is changed; when the society is changed, the nation is changed; when several such nations are changed, the African continent will change for the better! Then only the African people in the Global Village will achieve plenty and prosperity. For survival, wherever may be it, certain basic skills are necessary, and African People in the Global Village, are no exception. Education gets top priority—the ability to read with understanding. Speak boldly so hat others can understand and appreciate your problems. It is not that you expect sympathy from others; but in a democratic society, when your fundamental rights are guaranteed by the Constitution, you need not be condemned by anyone either-you need not live your life like a baked potato always. The majority of the ills of African People are due to poor response to globalization. This lethargy is frightening and it will continue to bother and trouble them in every aspect of life, unless something tangible is done as quickly as possible. African people will head for an economic and social disaster and moral doom, if they do no wake up and react speedily.

American History 1941 to Present Mormon Fundamentalists

The Mormon presence in America has been historically influential to the nation, but is often overlooked or understated in non-Mormon institutions despite the fact their existence dates back to 1823. Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith by Jon Krakauer is a non-fiction historical account of the Mormon religion, from its birth under the prophet Joseph Smith, to present times with the polygamy practicing fundamentalists and the milder mainstream Latter Day Saint church existing with identical core beliefs, but on opposite sides of the spectrum in terms of practices.The section of the book regarding the extreme fundamentalists, their history, and their current practices was an interesting look into a very different way of life. The split in the Mormon Church presented itself when the principle of polygamy was retracted by the prophet Wilford Woodruff. Those that accepted this revelation are the mass that is now called The Church of Latter Day Saints.Those that felt the ch urch only banned polygamy to try and gain acceptance by the United States government still felt that it was a divine principle necessary for getting into heaven, and scattered to secluded areas across the North American continent to practice their lifestyle. Several factions of Mormon extremists exist in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. The primary reason that so many factions exist is based on one of the basic building blocks of the church. All Mormons followers have a close relationship with God and are able to speak with him.The laws of the church can change as the prophets receive their revelations. Essentially, anyone can declare themselves a prophet, and anyone can receive a revelation. As self proclaimed prophets received divine revelations they would take a group of followers and establish their own settlement to reproduce more members. The most well known of these factions if the Fundamentalist Latter Day Saints (FLDS) with approximately 10,000 members located in Colo rado City, Arizona and Hildale, Utah. The FLDS territory, formerly known as Short Creek, was founded by John Y.Barlow to preserve the sanctity of polygamy. After Barlow’s death Joseph Musser was the next prophet in line of succession. He presided over the sect during the Short Creek Raid of 1953 when Arizona state police officers and the National Guard invaded the compound and arrested every member of the church, regardless of age or gender. Leroy Johnson, or â€Å"Uncle Roy† as he was affectionately called, led the sect from 1954 to 1986. After the death of Johnson in 1986 Rulon Jeffs, also called â€Å"Uncle Rulon† took over as prophet.Uncle Rulon was thought to be â€Å"the one mighty and strong† that would live forever, rule at the end of days, and carry the church to eternal salvation as stated by the book of Mormon. This considered it was a shock to the FLDS community when Uncle Rulon died in 2002 at the age of 92. Warren Jeffs, one of Rulon’ s sons out of an estimated 60-65 children fathered by the late prophet, assumed leadership after his father’s death. He ruled by fear and tyranny. Under his term, the number of young boys thrown out of the church for minor infractions increased exponentially.These â€Å"Lost Boys† would be kicked out for violations such as having a crush on a girl, or wearing a shirt with sleeves that were too short, or if the prophet just decided to deem them unworthy. A church member then drives the teenage boys out of town and dumps them off at the side of the road with no food, money, or place to go. Jeffs started kicking out boys in droves so that he could assign more young girls in the community to middle aged men, including him. He decided that all pets and animals in the compound should be killed, banned children from going to public school, and forbade medical treatment to ailing church members.The FLDS is currently under the leadership of an unknown prophet after Jeffs was se ntenced on November 20, 2007 to 10 years to life in the Utah State Prison on charges of sexual conduct with minors and rape as an accomplice. To this day in Colorado City it is common for cousins, stepfathers and stepdaughters, non-biological uncles and nieces, or fathers and adopted children to marry. Incestuous relationships have caused an unusually high rate of birth defects. Three wives is the minimum for a man to receive the highest level of salvation in the afterlife.The first marriage is considered legal by law. All marriages after are â€Å"celestial marriages† only recognized by the FLDS. The women bound to men by celestial marriage are able to collect welfare for all of their kids because they are single parents. This practice is called â€Å"bleeding the beast† and is encouraged among members. The rules of dress are strictly adhered to: men wear long sleeved shirts and pants in all seasons and women wear ankle length long sleeved dresses. Both sexes clothing is very plain and they must wear long underwear at all times.Under the Banner of Heaven was unbiased and fact based. Krakauer included personal accounts of stories of the religious fanaticism that has led to practices in the FLDS that range from horrifying to intriguing. It was difficult to imagine the level of strength and conviction that motivates members to live out their everyday lives in this community. Krakauer was able to deliver these stories and the historical statistics behind them in a non-judgmental or opinionated manner, which gives the book a genuine and legitimate base.He does not come off as a religion hater or Mormon racist that is condemning the choices made by the prophets or the people. The historical account of the Mormon religion as a whole was detailed and deliberate, which was helpful in understanding how one religion ended up existing in such a multitude of diverse sects. It was an experience to be introduced to a different view of American history; one tha t is definitely not discussed in the standard textbooks. References Krakauer, Jon (2004). Under the Banner of Heaven, A Story of Violent Faith. New York: Random House, Inc..

Feminist Thinking Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Feminist Thinking Theory - Essay Example Added to that, U.S. Department of Justice (2000) reported that, around 1.8 million women are being raped and/or assaulted physically by an intimate partner, (statistics not accounting the incidences of psychological abuse). Common reasons for this adversity on domestic violence as discussed by the National Women's Health Resource Center (2009; par 8) often take place as a pattern of behavior or the so called, cycle of violence involving the abuser, the victim and the repeat cycle of violence. The abuser may threaten the victim as the victim works hard to keep the abuser calm; stand on her own belief that, violent incidents can be prevented despite several failures of attempting to fix it which then result to threats or danger of victim's life. The abuser, after the violent incidences, may apologize to the victim and promise not to repeat. As expected, the cycle of violence will again set in motion.

Seeing the Forests for the Trees Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Seeing the Forests for the Trees - Research Paper Example The Jocassee gorge location is on high elevation. The location significantly affects the rainfall due to the Orographic lift. These happen when an air mass is forced from a low to higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain, this accounts for 2,000 feet (609m).As the air gain altitude, it expands and cools raising the relative humidity to 100% hence creating clouds and frequent precipitation. The forest has more than 60 species of rare and endemic plants good for botanist. The forest also has five streams flowing through gorges state park; these streams supply water to the forest over the ridge escarpment. Jocassee Gorges has 125 plants and animal species and its 12 endangered plant and animal species. This plants includes, Pringles aquatic moss and Carolina star moss, other species includes mountain laurel, rhododendron, white pine, red oak, and hickories. Animal species includes fox, wild boar, wild turkey, black bear, and white-tailed deer, and with the highest population of green salamanders. Forest diseases and pest have been a big problem in different countries globally; threatening the lifespan trees in the forest. There are a number of diseases and pest that affect the development of the healthy plants in the forest. Include threats such as those posed by fungal pathogen, Phytophora Rumorum, as noted by (Evans & Webber, 2002) Forest have major threats of diseases such beech bark disease, Dutch elm disease, dogwood anthracnose, larch canker, butternut canker and others such as chestnut bright. In most cases, different diseases and pest attack on forest may vary between certain weather conditions. A forest act as a habitat to many living organisms, some may be destructive to the forest while others are harmful. The forests provide food to different living organism, but if not controlled, the harmful organism can be dangerous to the forest. Diseases constantly must be controlled, and regularly checked in

Anatomical features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Anatomical features - Essay Example The â€Å"Lucy† skeleton found at hadar Ethiopia and Dikika also found in Ethiopia. Other features like Footprints and others discovered by paleoanthropologist proved that certain creatures lived on earth millions of years ago before we were born. Australopithecus afarensis is one of the extinct creatures discovered by Paleoanthropologists. Its remains were found in Ethiopia and it lived between close to 4 million years ago (Walter 2002). It was slenderly built. It is believed that A. afarensis was more closely related to modern human species, Homo sapiens The most famous fossil is the partial skeleton named Lucy (3.2 million years old) found by Donald Johanson and colleagues (Esteban 2007). In life, Lucy had a height of roughly 1.1 meters and its weight was about 30 kilograms. Lucys skeleton gave signs that she was bipedal. The shape of lucys pelvis was a good reason to believe that she was bipedal. Another proves is femurs angle from hip socket to the knee joint, her skull was the same size as that of a chimpanzee (Esteban 2007). Lucy had one pelvic bone and made it difficult to tell the gender The feet of Lucy were far apart, and each hind leg descends straight to the ground beneath the hip socket. The tibiae drop straight to the ground. Lucy teeth were resemblance to that of modern human. She had canine same size like that of human being. Fingers were curved in such away that it suggests they grasp branches as they climb. Its iliac blades were short and seem wide. Its sacrum was wide and positioned directly behind the hip joint. Lucy had had much smaller and more v-shaped jaws. The footprints found in volcanic ash were similar to features of human leg phalanges and proved o be a creature similar to human. Ardipithecus is a fossil hominoid, described by its discoverers as a very early hominin genus. Aramidus lived about 4.4 million years ago. It was Like

IFSM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IFSM - Essay Example will consist a member from each of the departments in the company and a training on how to use and implement the IT programs should be facilitated by Carol and her team. The methodology for IT governance in the company should be through data sharing with all the relevant departments who consist of the governing body. The responsibilities of the governance body include inspection of data available through the IT systems, suggesting news ways or areas that need IT programs and ensure the program runs smoothly. Carol will need the support of each and every member of the governing body to ensure that the IT strategic plan works out as expected. The prioritization of the IT projects should be guided by market demands, customer retention and competition. Carol and her team should explore the new IT approaches used by their competitors and implement them in the company in a better way. Tracking should be the first IT project to be implemented, following by a Mobile APP that enables customers to pay for services at the comfort of their