Transnational Mgt. Case Analysis :: essays research papers

Problem StatementMcKinsey & order is a highly successful consulting firm worth over 1.8 one thousand million dollars. However, its leader Rajat Gupta wondered if the company could better utilize the noesis of its employees to better serve its worldwide clients. It was obvious that McKinsey & Company had a strong base of core competencies among its employees, except Gupta was unsure if knowledge development was meeting its clients needs in an information and knowledge driven age. Clients hired McKinsey & Company expecting leading edge information from to attend them in their decision-making processes. Gupta felt a process was needed to develop, capture, and supplement this information which he considered an asset to the company. So, the task lay before them on how to accumulate and chisel in the information quickly and make itreadily available to consultants on a global scale.List of SymptomsMcKinsey & Company desired to provide state-of-the-art knowledge to its clients plain ly truely had no means of measuring exactly how well they were doing in developing their knowledge. Employees were not being properly developed for the new direction of the McKinsey & Company. McKinsey & Company still had the ability to provide excellent advice to its Clients. However, they were not as prepared as their competitors for dealing with the upcoming technologies of the future. McKinsey & Company had experienced rapid growth. McKinsey & Company had 3,800 consultants in 69 offices worldwide. In its present state, the large number of employees and offices it managed actually hindered McKinsey from effectively performing its operations worldwide. Essentially, McKinsey & Company had become too large for itself under its current architecture. Alternative SolutionsMcKinsey & Company did not desire to rest on its laurels and remain content with the status quo, rather they aggressively sought out to encounter answers to their dilemmas. They realized that being a 1.8 billion dol lar company did not come easily and also that without modifications they would not remain in their top mail service in consulting.(1) McKinsey & Company must implement a system of knowledge management in which the entire organization is able to benefit from the sharing of knowledge between employees. This will allow the company to benefit internally. Alternative Solution One (2) In order to measure the results McKinsey & Company must revisit their goals to develop, capture, and leverage their knowledge to better serve their clients. Alternative Solution Two Know the audience to be measured and what benefits they seek from their relationship with McKinsey & Company.

Transvestic Fetishism :: science

Transvestic FetishismIntroduction nearone you know- whatever phallic close to you-could be having a secret affair behind shut doors and you may not even be aware of it. Not to worry, it may not involve another woman. This man may be having an affair with womanish clothing. If so, it is safe to say that this man is suffering from a transvestic vodoun. What is a transvestic fetish? Transvestic Fetishism is a psychosexual disorder gear up mostly in workforce. To better understand this disorder, we must first formula at the definition. Transvestism is defined as dressing in the clothing of the antonym sex to achieve sexual arousal, excitement, and gratification. Fetishism is the reliance on bloodless objects as the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement. The major signal of fetishism is the use of nonliving objects to obtain sexual arousal. The most universal fetish objects are articles of womens clothing such as bras, underpants, stockings, shoes and b oots. The individual pass on often masturbate while fondling, kissing, or smelling the fetish object. In other cases, the individuals sexual partner will wear the object during sexual encounters, thereby providing an arousing stimulus that enables the fetishist to participate in otherwise normal sexual behavior. Thus, men suffering from transvestic fetishism solve sexual pleasure from dressing in womens clothing, a behavior defined as cross-dressing. Cross-dressing can range from have on only one article of womens clothing while alone to dressing all in all in womens clothing and appearing that way in public. In some cases, the cross-dressing is so effective that it is difficult to distinguish a cross-dressed transvestite from a woman. However, the persons terminus is not to pass but to achieve arousal. Cross-dressing seems to be exclusively male behavior, and there is really no explanation for it. There is no evidence of any hormonal or genetic abnormality. One explanation is t hat childhood realise with cross-dressing may have been associated with sexual play and arousal. One sample of transvestites found that 78 percent were either married or formerly married, and marital grinding is one of the main reasons that transvestites seek therapy. A man with a transvestic fetish will often masturbate while dressed in womens frock and will fantasize about other men being attracted to him while he is dressed in those clothes. In a very limited take of cases, homosexuals may cross-dress to attract other men, but the homosexuals do not gain sexual pleasure from the cross-dressing and are therefore not diagnosed as having a transvestic fetishism.Transvestic Fetishism scienceTransvestic FetishismIntroduction Someone you know-any male close to you-could be having a secret affair behind closed doors and you may not even be aware of it. Not to worry, it may not involve another woman. This man may be having an affair with female clothing. If so, it is safe to say t hat this man is suffering from a transvestic fetish. What is a transvestic fetish? Transvestic Fetishism is a psychosexual disorder found mostly in men. To better understand this disorder, we must first look at the definition. Transvestism is defined as dressing in the clothing of the opposite sex to achieve sexual arousal, excitement, and gratification. Fetishism is the reliance on nonhuman objects as the preferred or exclusive method of achieving sexual excitement. The major symptom of fetishism is the use of nonliving objects to obtain sexual arousal. The most common fetish objects are articles of womens clothing such as bras, underpants, stockings, shoes and boots. The individual will often masturbate while fondling, kissing, or smelling the fetish object. In other cases, the individuals sexual partner will wear the object during sexual encounters, thereby providing an arousing stimulus that enables the fetishist to participate in otherwise normal sexual behavior. Thus, men suff ering from transvestic fetishism gain sexual pleasure from dressing in womens clothing, a behavior defined as cross-dressing. Cross-dressing can range from wearing only one article of womens clothing while alone to dressing completely in womens clothing and appearing that way in public. In some cases, the cross-dressing is so effective that it is difficult to distinguish a cross-dressed transvestite from a woman. However, the persons goal is not to pass but to achieve arousal. Cross-dressing seems to be exclusively male behavior, and there is really no explanation for it. There is no evidence of any hormonal or genetic abnormality. One explanation is that childhood experience with cross-dressing may have been associated with sexual play and arousal. One sample of transvestites found that 78 percent were either married or formerly married, and marital friction is one of the main reasons that transvestites seek therapy. A man with a transvestic fetish will often masturbate while dress ed in womens clothes and will fantasize about other men being attracted to him while he is dressed in those clothes. In a very limited number of cases, homosexuals may cross-dress to attract other men, but the homosexuals do not gain sexual pleasure from the cross-dressing and are therefore not diagnosed as having a transvestic fetishism.

Essay on the Setting in Shakespeares The Tempest -- Tempest essays

Importance of Setting in The storm Shakespeares enchanted island in The violent storm is a restorative pastoral setting, a place where no man was his own and a place that offers endless possibilities to the people that arrive on its shores. Although the actual location of the island is not known, the worlds of Seneca aptly describe its significance to the play it represents the bounds of things, the remotest shores of the world. On the boundary of creation, the island partakes of both the natural and elfin both the imaginative and the real. It allows the exploration of both mans potential and his limitations, his capacity for reform through art and his affinity for political and social realities. It is constructing this antagonist between art and reality and in giving Shakespeares romance the freedom to explore mankind free from the concerns of everyday life that the setting of The Tempest is crucial to its overall dramatic design. The only scene in the play that does not tak e place on the island is the opening tempest scene. It is in itself an important use of setting. It hints at the fact that the characters social assumptions will capitulate when exposed to adversity we have the boatswain apparently inappropriately comment no(prenominal) aboard the ship that I love more than myself. In fact, quite the reverse is true. In the court scene we are presented with the characters Antonio and Sebastian who are interested in political gain despite the predicament in which they find themselves. In this respect the setting functions to present the idea that our social conditioning transcends time and place. The inference is that if political clambering can take place on an enchanted island in the middle of now... ...gic and music. The contrast between the representative characters and the magic art of the island does not sever itself, rather, it leaves the audience in what Russ McDonald called a marginal condition between expectation and understanding, aff irmation and skepticism, comedy and tragedy. The setting functions to present the worlds of both art and reality in order to affirm the transcendent human desire for power and order, as well as affirm the world of art as a means of dealing with reality. Bibliography/ Works Cited Meller, A., Moon, G.T. Literary Shakespeare (1993) Sydney Canon Publications Lecture on The Tempest (1988) C. Holmes Shakespeare, W. The Tempest. Ed. Sutherland, J.R. (1990) Mikhail M. Morozor, (1989)The Individualization of Shakespeares Characters through Imagery, Shakespeare Survey.

Renaissance Country House Poetry Essay examples -- Poem Poetry Poet Es

Renaissance Country House Poetry Country category poetry is a sub-genre of Renaissance poetry and was first written during the seventeenth century. It was closely linked to patronage poetry, in which poets (sometimes outrageously) flattered patrons in order to gain sponsorship and status. At this time, many houses were construct in the agriculturalside as a display of wealth, and as a retreat for the courtier when overwhelmed by the court and city life. Country houses were not, originally, just large houses in the country in which rich tribe lived. Essentially they were power houses - the houses of a ruling class. As such they could work at the local level of a manor house, the house of a squire who was a little king in his village and ran the county. They could work at a local and national level as the seat of a landowner who was also a member of parliament. Basically, people did not live in country houses unless they either possessed power, or, by backing up in a country hous e, were making a bid to possess it. Country house poems generally consisted of complimentary descriptions of the said country house and its surrounding area which often contained pastoral detail, and praised cultivated nature. The purpose of the central part of this essay is to assess the effectiveness of Renaissance country house poetry as hearty criticism. Country house poems were written to flatter and please the owner of the country house. Why did poets do this? Until the nineteenth century the wealth and population of England lay in the country rather than the towns landowners rather than merchants were the dominating class. Even when the economic balance began to change, they were so thoroughly in control of patronage and legislation, so strong throu... ...ely that people read country house poetry to be provided with political or social insights, so it is likely that many of the allusions were lost on the majority of readers.Endnotes1 The Penguin Book of Renaissance versi fy 1509-1659, p.4202 Ibid. p.4203 Life in the English Country House, Mark Girouard, p.7.4 The Penguin Book of Renaissance verse 1509-1659, p.4205 Ibid.p.4216 Ibid.p.4217 Ibid.p.4218 Ibid.p.4219 Ibid.p.42210 Ibid.p.42211 Ibid.p.42212 Ibid.p.42213 The Description of Cooke-ham, Renaissance Verse, p.414.14 The Penguin Book of Renaissance Verse 1509-1659, p.41715 Ibid.p.41816 Marvells Upon Appleton House, Robert Markley, p.91.BibliographyMark Girouard. Life in the English Country House, Yale University Press, 1978.Maclean, Landry and Ward. The Country and the City Revisited, Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Rey Bredbarys Fehrinhiot 451 :: Ferinhiot 451 Esseys

Cherectir Discroptoun festive Hi os e cherectir whu os blondly duong whet thi wurld os duong eruand hom wothuat thonkong. Frum thi onsodi hi os doffirint, hi hes e sympethitoc end carouas sodi on hom, hoddin sumiwhiri. Hi os jast loki eny forimin woth en anshevin blaosh luuks ivin eftir hi shevis, end woth bleckniss uf thi eshis on hos hends end feci. Aftir hos incuantir woth clerossi, hi sterts tu thonk end wundir anotintounelly. Hi sterts tu qaistoun hos ceriir end thi riesun bihond barnong buuks. Thiri mast bi sumithong ompurtent on thusi buuks uthirwosi thiy wualdnt bi biong barnid. Hi rielozis thet hos lofi os nuthong bat fori end barnong buuks, thet hos lofi os impty end gluumy. Hi hes tekin e stip tuwerds anluckong thi mystiry bihond barnong buuks end hos duar lofi. Moldrid Shi os thi wofi uf Gay Munteg. Shi os e viry embogauas cherectir, fall uf saspocoun. Hir physocel eppierenci os viry onsognofocent Hir feci wes loki e snuw cuvirid oslend apun whoch reon moght fell (9) Shi os ubvouasly ubsissid woth T.V on e wey piupli eri eddoctid tu drags. Shi asis tu kiip hir frum thonkong ebuat hir lofi end thi rieloty uf ot. Shi clierly troid tu cummot saocodi, bat shi rifasis ot. Thos ettimpt shuws thet shi os nut heppy woth hir lofi end went tu git rod cell uf ot. Shi duisnt went tu divilup e riletoun woth hir hasbend, end shi duisnt went tu hevi kods. Besocelly shi os on dinoel uf hir uwn lofi end ectouns, es e risalt shi os nut rielozong thet hir ectouns eri nut roght. Moldrid os loki en ivol stunir whu sots on hir huasi ell dey. Bietty Hi os e viry clivir cherectir. Hi hetis buuks end wents tu barn thim, bat ot siims loki es of hi sicritly rieds buuks. Hi os e bog gay woth viry ponk tuni uf culur tu hos feci. Darong thi forst sassy uf thi buuk, thi forimin gut cellid fur en imirgincy et thi uld wumens huasi fur buuks. If ried cerifally yua woll nutoci enuthir sodi uf Biettys cherectir. Whin Bietty telks tu thi uld wumen hi rifirincis e lottli frum thi Bob li, Yuavi biin luckid ap hiri fur yiers woth e rigaler demnid Tuwir uf Bebil,(24). It siims loki hi asi tu ried on thi pest bifuri thi buuk barnong stertid. Bietty elsu trois tu cuntrul Gays mond frum hos ixpiroinci es e fori cepteon, bat hi cen nivir rimuvi thi merk thet Clerossi hes lift un Gay ebuat buuks.

Rey Bredbarys Fehrinhiot 451 :: Ferinhiot 451 Esseys

Cherectir DiscroptounGay Hi os e cherectir whu os blondly duong animate thi wurld os duong eruand hom wothuat thonkong. Frum thi onsodi hi os doffirint, hi hes e sympethitoc end carouas sodi on hom, hoddin sumiwhiri. Hi os jast loki eny forimin woth en anshevin blaosh luuks ivin eftir hi shevis, end woth bleckniss uf thi eshis on hos hends end feci. Aftir hos incuantir woth clerossi, hi sterts tu thonk end wundir anotintounelly. Hi sterts tu qaistoun hos ceriir end thi riesun bihond barnong buuks. Thiri mast bi sumithong ompurtent on thusi buuks uthirwosi thiy wualdnt bi biong barnid. Hi rielozis thet hos lofi os methhong bat fori end barnong buuks, thet hos lofi os impty end gluumy. Hi hes tekin e stip tuwerds anluckong thi mystiry bihond barnong buuks end hos duar lofi. Moldrid Shi os thi wofi uf Gay Munteg. Shi os e viry embogauas cherectir, fall uf saspocoun. Hir physocel eppierenci os viry onsognofocent Hir feci wes loki e snuw cuvirid oslend apun whoch reon moght fell (9) Shi os ubvouasly ubsissid woth T.V on e wey piupli eri eddoctid tu drags. Shi asis tu kiip hir frum thonkong ebuat hir lofi end thi rieloty uf ot. Shi clierly troid tu cummot saocodi, bat shi rifasis ot. Thos ettimpt shuws thet shi os nut heppy woth hir lofi end went tu git rod uf ot. Shi duisnt went tu divilup e riletoun woth hir hasbend, end shi duisnt went tu hevi kods. Besocelly shi os on dinoel uf hir uwn lofi end ectouns, es e risalt shi os nut rielozong thet hir ectouns eri nut roght. Moldrid os loki en ivol stunir whu sots on hir huasi ell dey. Bietty Hi os e viry clivir cherectir. Hi hetis buuks end wents tu barn thim, bat ot siims loki es of hi sicritly rieds buuks. Hi os e bog gay woth viry ponk tuni uf culur tu hos feci. Darong thi forst pert uf thi buuk, thi forimin gut cellid fur en imirgincy et thi uld wumens huasi fur buuks. If ried cerifally yua woll nutoci enuthir sodi uf Biettys cherectir. Whin Bietty telks tu thi uld wumen hi rifirincis e lottli frum thi Bobli, Yua vi biin luckid ap hiri fur yiers woth e rigaler demnid Tuwir uf Bebil,(24). It siims loki hi asi tu ried on thi pest bifuri thi buuk barnong stertid. Bietty elsu trois tu cuntrul Gays mond frum hos ixpiroinci es e fori cepteon, bat hi cen nivir rimuvi thi merk thet Clerossi hes lift un Gay ebuat buuks.

Benefits of Strong Literacy Skills Essay

?Dear Grace Literacy is crucial to the success of individuals in both their career aspirations and their quality of life. Strong literacy skills are closely linked to the probability of having a good job, decent earnings, and access to training opportunities. Individuals with weak literacy skills are more likely to be unemployed or, if employed, to be in jobs that pay little or that offer poor hours or working conditions. Traditionally, literacy has referred to the ability to read, understand, and use information.But the term has come to take on broader meaning, standing for a range of knowledge, skills and abilities relating to reading, mathematics, apprehension and more. Subsequently in 1740 South Carolina if you taught a slave to write or employed him in a job requiring writing then the teacher or employer would be fined 100 pounds. The Virginia code of 1819 states that the teaching or assembly of any colored persons is unlawful and is punish able by any means deemed necessary by the court or judge. In 1830-1831 the state of North Carolina passed a law that prohibited the teachings of reading and writing to a slave.Alabama in 1833 enacted three laws that keep set down slaves and people of color by not allowing them to be taught reading and writing as well as assembling more than five people of color. I work included this information to show how powerful and important knowledge is. Knowledge is so powerful that these people feared it so more that they felt the submit to create these laws to protect themselves from what they thought would happen if slaves had the same power they had. Being able to read and write is the most basic foundation of knowledge accruement and further skill development (source 4).Without literacy there can be no quality education. There is currently one out of five adults that are illiterate. If this bowel movement continues then by 2015 over 700 million adults worldwide will not be literate. Children that participate in school for their first three grades should be able to read and write basic text. Evidence has shown that children with this ability are better prepared for further learning making them more apt to read and compass progressively more advanced materials along with acquiring additional knowledge.There is a poem called The Value of Books (source 3) and I think you should read it. This poem dialog about the importance of reading and knowledge. The poem says how life is dead in the living world without knowledge. According to the poem the light of knowledge is shining down on the readers and how books are the ultimate weapon in our everyday battles. He who neglects books is undefended in a world of knowledge. We must use as much time as possible to enlighten our brains with the knowledge of the world for time has no master and waits for no one and time is waning.In conclusion I hope you are able to take something away from this. Take advantage of the opportunities you abide that others do no t like the slaves that were repressed and punished for learning. Stay on top of your studies as to help yourself and others contribute to the world the knowledge you have obtained. Never neglect knowledge for any reason for it is the best weapon you have to defend yourself against the world. Always remember that time has no master and waits for no one not even you so take every moment you have to better yourself and others just remember that time is running out.

Amadeus Movie Review Essay

The title of the movie should actually be Salieri, because the whole movie is unfeignedly about his green-eyed monster of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and how Salieri was overshadowed medicamentally by Mozart. In the beginning, Salieri makes a deal with God so He will make Salieri a musical genius, and Salieri believes he has been granted this give way until the day Mozart comes to Vienna. Salieri immediately becomes jealous that God has bestowed upon Mozart the power he himself worked so desperately to achieve. From that point on, Salieri becomes obsessed with conspiring against Mozart, at one point paying a maid to go to Mozarts place to spy while she is cleaning and report back to him. Eventually, though indirectly, Salieri kills Mozart.The major theme in this movie is the jealousy of Salieri, and how it consumed his every waking thought. It is somewhat depressing because it also shows all the hard work of Salieri with no success and the ease of Mozarts ability when to him composin g music is quite easy.Though the plot is fairly realistic, it is not completely historically accurate. Mozart was even more rambunctious and childish than portrayed in the film, and the ending is dramatized for the Hollywood effect. The acting though, is very headspring done. Director Milos Forman did a great job directing F. Murray Abraham (Salieri) and Tom Hulce (Mozart) to stardom. They make the two and half-hours of wigs, wigs, opera, and more wigs bearable. Together they bring the silverish screen alive and take us from our era into that of Mozart very seamlessly.The sets are amazing, with great attention to detail and depth. The scenes where the operas take place are very well set up, and they fit in nicely with the time period. The costumes, too, are quite the feat. The many layers (of the womens costumes especially) look extremely complicated to make, and the scene at the troupe where Mozart plays the piano upside-down showcases these costumes beautifully. I dont know if I am more impressed by the designers or the actors and actresses who wore them because they look so white The wigs are a defining spark of the costumes in the film.The most striking reasons these are so appealing and dramatic are that they are so uncollectible and almost appallingly white. Some of the Womens wigs are even toppedwith a huge hat to match the dress or some other(a) exotic object. If you dont watch this movie for any other reason, watch it for the costumes. The makeup artist did a good job, but nothing undischarged or worth highlighting. There arent many special effects, so adding some in there may have made the movie that a great deal more enjoyable.Overall, I give the movie 1 stars, because the actors really knew their stuff but the plot wasnt all that entertaining. I think the best part overall was Mozarts laugh, and the soundtrack was really very enjoyable. I recommend this film to those who wish to learn more about Salieri, and not Mozart, because the movie doesnt really focus much on him. Rent this film if you have absolutely nothing else to do on a Saturday night but you probably wint be able to finish watching it unless youre a major cultural history junkie. Other than that, a note to the intended audiences (like I said, the culture gurus) enjoy To the casual moviegoer who likes action or romance beware- you probably wont be able to watch the whole clx minutes of Amadeus.

A Beautiful Mind and Disability Essay

A Beautiful Mind is a good movie by Ron Howard, about a universe that has lost his grip on what is real and what is fiction. This started when he was in graduate school and no one really broadsheetd until his wife had him committed to the hospital. toilet Nash, the main character of the film portrayed by Russell Crowe, is a great mathematician that became a victim to paranoid schizophrenia. At first he does non notice the problems, and being that we are realizeing everything from his prospective we do not notice them either.Only after he is admitted to the hospital by his wife do we see that some of the main people in his life are just products of his theme. As was said in the movie, What must it be like to realize not that those you treasure and hold dear are not lost or dead but have never been? What kind of hell would that be? This is a true tragedy that is common with paranoid schizophrenia. I guess that in reality trick Nash is a man that truly exemplifies the statement that there is a fine line between genius and insanity.This is probably why his problems were not addressed for as long as they were, people overlooked them because they would lose the wellbeing of that genius if they were to try and fix the planetal behaviors that he showed. John Nash suffered from many of the classic symptoms of this illness. He was paranoid that people were after him, which was healthy in his classified advertisement work. He had different friends and co-workers who did not exist anywhere but in his own mind.See more Unemployment problems and solutions essayHe started showing progressive erratic behavior towards his friends and family. In the end, right before the hospital, the fantasy realm was what was real to him and the real world just the work of fiction. I agree with the movie that he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia. However, if he was forced to continue the treatments of the times I believe that he would have fallen even further. While on the m edications you discover that he was becoming depressed which ould have lead him to Manic Depression, and I can only imagine what continued insulin shock would have done to his mind and body.None of good I am sure. There were some major people in his life. The first was Charles Herman his Princeton roommate, William Parcher his boss with the Department of Defense, Alicia Nash his wife and Martin Hansen his main be at school. He was close to Charles his best friend since college and worked well with William his boss at the Department of Defense, the only problem neither of them existed.Alicia became estranged from him because of his illness, but his nobleness was also what she loved about him as well. After his diagnoses his main true friend was the Dean at Princeton, his old rival Martin. When John stopped victorious his medication and was looking to return to society he allowed him to use the library everyday to work on his problems and math in peace. Then once he thought he wan ted to teach again he had the faith to talk the board into letting him teach.The two most helpful people to John Nash were his wife, Alicia and his old rival Martin. They believed in him when no one else would or thought they should. John was able to cope with his illness in the end because he had a break thru that his friend, Charles niece never aged therefore she and they could not exist. This allowed him to start ignoring them and start functioning again in the real world without his medication.After dealing with my economizes mother I believe that Russell Crowe should have won the Oscar, the SAG, and the Golden Globe for his realistic performance of a man that has lost his grip on the world around him. He not only showed you the ups and downs of this illness but he showed you that there is hope for everyone that has to deal with these problems daily. I also believed that this film helped leave to light how outdated some thoughts on mental illness can be and what is possible wh en you look beyond the surface and see the person underneath.

Greek Mythology and Religion Essay

Mythology is the study and interpretation of myth and the body of myths of a busy crazeure. Myth is a complex ethnical phenomenon that can be approached from a number of viewpoints. In general, myth is a narrative that describes and portrays in symbolic language the origin of the canonical elements and assumptions of a culture. mythical narrative relates, for example, how the world began, how military personnels and animals were created, and how certain customs, gestures, or forms of human activities originated.Almost all cultures possess or at one time possessed and lived in terms of myths. Myths differ from fairy tales in that they refer to a time that is different from ordinary. The time sequence of myth is extraordinary- an otherwise time the time ahead the conventional world came into being. Because myths refer to an extraordinary time and place and to immortals and other supernatural beings and processes, they have usually been seen as aspects of theology. Because of t he inclusive nature of myth, however, it can dilate many aspects of individual and cultural life.Meaning and interpretationFrom the beginnings of Western culture, myth has presented a problem of meaning and interpretation, and a history of controversy has gathered about some(prenominal) the value and the status of mythology. Myth, History, and ReasonIn the Grecian heritage of the West, myth or mythos has always been in tension with reason or logos, which signified the sensible and analytic trend of arriving at a true account of realism. The Hellenic philosophers Xenophanes, Plato, and Aristotle, for example, exalted reason and made sarcastic criticisms of myth as a proper way of cunning reality.The distinctions between reason and myth and between myth and history, although essential, were never quite absolute. Aristotle concluded that in some of the early Greek creation myths, logos and mythos overlapped. Plato utilize myths as metaphors and also as literary devices in devel oping an argument. Western Mythical TraditionsThe debate over whether myth, reason, or history best expresses the meaning of the reality of the gods, humans, and nature has continued in Western culture as a legacy from its earliest traditions. Among these traditions were the myths of the Greeks.Adopted and assimilated by the Romans, they furnished literary, philosophical, and artistic inspiration to such later periods as the Renaissance and the romantic era. The pagan tribes of Europe furnished another body of tradition. After these tribes became part of Christendom, elements of their mythologies persisted as the folkloric substratum of various European cultures. Greek religion and mythology are supernatural beliefs and ritual observances of the ancient Greeks, commonly related to a diffuse and contradictory body of stories and legends.The most notable features of this religion were many gods having different personalities having human form and feelings, the absence of any establis hed religious rules or authoritative revelation such as, for example, the Bible, the strong use of rituals, and the presidential term almost completely subordinating the populations religious beliefs. Apart from the mystery cults, most of the early religions in Greece are not solemn or serious in nature nor do they contain the concepts of fanaticism or mystical inspiration, which were Asian beliefs and did not appear until the Hellenistic period (about 323-146 B.C. ).At its outset appearance in classical literature, Greek mythology had already received its definitive form. Some divinities were either introduced or developed more fully at a later date, but in Homers Iliad and Odyssey the major Olympian gods appear in substantially the forms they retained until paganism ceased to exist. Homer usually is considered obligated for the highly developed personifications of the gods and the comparative rationalism that characterized Greek religious thought.In general Greek gods were divi ded into those of heaven, country, and sea frequently, however, the gods governing the earth and sea make up a single category. Principal DivinitiesThe celestial gods were thought to dwell in the sky or on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. The Earth, or chthonic (Gr. chtho n, earth), deities were thought to dwell on or under the earth, and were closely associated with the heroes and the dead. The lines separating these reverent orders were indefinite, and the deities of one order were often found in another.The gods were held to be immortal soon enough they were also believed to have had a beginning. They were represented as exercising control over the world and the forces of nature. Ananke, the personification of necessity, however, limited this control, to which even the gods bowed. At the head of the divine hierarchy was Zeus, the spiritual father of gods and men. His wife was Hera, queen of heaven and guardian of the sanctity of marriage.Associated with them as the straits divinit ies of heaven were Hephaestus, god of fire and the patron of metalworkers Athena, the stark(a) goddess of wisdom and war, preeminent as a civic goddess Apollo, deity of light, poetry, and music, and his sister Artemis, goddess of wildlife and, later, of the moon Ares, god of war, and his consort, Aphrodite, goddess of love Hermes, the divine messenger, later, god of science and invention and Hestia, goddess of the home and home.Around these greater gods and goddesses were grouped a host of lesser deities, some of whom enjoyed particular distinction in certain localities. Among them were Helios, the sun Selene, the moon (before Artemis came into existence) the attendants of the Olympians, such as the Graces the Muses Iris, goddess of the rainbow Hebe, goddess of youth and cupbearer of the gods and Ganymede, the male counterpart of Hebe. Poseidon, the worship of whom was often accompanied by worship of his wife, Amphitrite, ruled the sea.Attending the sea gods were the Nereids, Trit ons, and other minor sea deities. The chief earth deities were Hades, ruler of the underworld, and his wife, Persephone, the daughter of Demeter. Demeter herself was usually considered an Olympian, but since she was associated with producing grain and the knowledge of agriculture she was more closely connected with the earth. Another Olympian whose functions were likewise of an terrestrial character was Dionysus, god of the grape and of wine.He was accompanied by satyrs, the horsetailed sylvan demigods Sileni, the plump, bald vintage deities and maenads, nymphs who celebrated the orgiastic rites of Dionysus. Also among the more important divinities of the Greek pantheon were Gaea, the earth mother Asclepius, the god of healing and Pan, the great Arcadian god of flocks, agoneures, and forests. Invocation of the GodsThe ancient Greeks had a strong sense of weakness before the honey oil and terrifying powers of nature, and they acknowledged their dependence on the divine beings whom they believed those powers to be controlled.In general, the relations between gods and mortals were cordial, divine wrath being reserved for those who transgressed the limits assigned to human activities and who, by being proud, ambitious, or even by being too prosperous, provoked divine displeasure and brought upon themselves Nemesis, the personification of revengeful justice. The saying of the historian Herodotus, The god suffers none but himself to be proud sums up the main philosophy that influences all of classical Greek literature.The sense of human limitation was a basic feature of Greek religion the gods, the sole source of the good or monstrous that fell upon mortals, were approached only by making sacrifices and giving thanks for past blessings or pleading for future favors. In front of many a street door stood a stone for Apollo Agyieus (Apollo of the Thoroughfare) in the courtyard was placed the altar of Zeus Herkeios (Zeus as the patron of family ties) at the hearth Hestia was worshiped and bedchamber, kitchen, and storeroom each had its appropriate god.From birth to death the ancient Greek invoked the gods on every memorable occasion. Because the very existence of the government was believed to depend on divine favor, celebrations for the gods were held regularly under the supervision of high officials. Public gratitude was expressed for being unexpectedly delivered from evil happenings or for being unusually prosperous. Organization and BeliefsDespite its central position in both private and public life, Greek religion was notably lacking in an organized professional priesthood.At the sites of the mysteries, as at Eleusis, and the oracles, as at Delphi, the priests exercised great authority, but usually they were merely official representatives of the community, chosen as other officers were, or sometimes permitted to buy their position. Even when the office was hereditary or confined to a certain family, it was not regarded as conferring upo n its possessor any particular knowledge of the will of the gods or any special power to constrain them.The Greeks saw no need for an intermediary between themselves and their gods. Greek ideas about the mind and the afterlife were indefinite, but it was apparently the popular belief that the soul survived the body. It either hovered about the tomb or departed to a region where it led a sad existence needing the offerings brought by relatives. The disembodied soul was also presumed to have the power of inflicting injury on the living, and proper funeral rites were held to ensure the peace and goodwill of the deceased. indoors the framework of Greek worship of many gods are traces of the belief that all natural objects are endowed with spirits. Fetishism, the belief in the magical efficacy of objects diligent as talismans against evil, was another feature of early Greek religion. Examples of fetishes are the sacred stones, sometimes regarded as images of specific deities, such as t he pyramidal Zeus at Phlius or the rough stones called the Graces at the ruined city of Orchomenus in Boeotia.OriginsAncient Greek religion hasbeen the subject of speculation and seek from classic times to the present. Herodotus believed that the rites of many of the gods had been derived from the Egyptians. Prodicus of Ceos (5th cent. B. C. ), a Sophist philosopher, seems to have taught that the gods were simply personifications of natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, winds, and water. Euhemerus (370? -298 B. C. ), a historian of myths believed, and many other shared this belief, that myths were the distortions of history and that gods were the idealized heroes of the past.Modern etymology and anthropology research produced the theory that Greek religion resulted from a combination of Indo-European beliefs and ideas and customs native to the Mediterranean countries since the original inhabitants of those lands were conquered by Indo-European invaders. The basic elements of cl assical Greek religion were, in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, somewhat modified and supplemented by the influences of philosophy, Middle Eastern cults, and changes in popular belief (as shown, for instance, in the rise of the cult of Fortune, or Tyche).The main outlines of the official religion, however, remained unchanged. BibliographyAncient Myths, by Norma Lorre Goodrich Meridian Books (July 1994)The Greek Gods, by Bernard Evslin (August 1995)Greek Myths, by Olivia E. Coolidge (December 1949) Greek and Egyptian Mythologies, by Yves Bonnefoy (November 1992) Gods and Heroes Story of Greek Mythology, by Michael Foss (September 1995) cower and Wagnalls, New EncyclopediaMultipedia CD-ROM for windows.

Global Health

This is a reaction essay to epidemic cholera in sierra Le 1 the contingency study of an eruption retrieved from According to A. D. A. M. medical exam Encyclopedia,Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that causes a large amount of watery diarrhea. Cholera is caused by the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. The bacteria releases a toxin that causes increased release of water from cells in the intestines, which produces severe diarrhea ( matter Institute of Health ,U.S. National Library of euphony The existences Largest Medical Library,A. D. A. M. Medical Encyclopedia, May 30th 2012). If left untreated, it can kill deep down hours and almost eighty percent of issues can be successfully treated with unwritten rehydration salts. People get infected by eating or drinking contaminated food and water and it usually manifests in places with poor sanitation, crowding, war, and famine desire Africa, Asia, India, Mexico and South and Central America. The availability of safe drinki ng water and proper sanitation is critical in reducing the impact of cholera and other waterborne diseases.Oral cholera vaccine excessively reduces the risk of death by fifty percent . sierra Leone, a West African hoidenish that has been ravaged by wars for years , experienced the worst Cholera eruption in fifteen years. As of family line 19th of this year, 19000 cases and 274 deaths have been reported. It was unusual for the Cholera eruptions to occur in February , the middle of the dry season because most cholera outbreaks take place in the rainy season. At the on peg down of the cholera outbreak, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation, WHO , UNICEF and Medecins Sans Frontieres-Belgium worked together to detect, actualise ,treat and prevent the cholera outbreak .But when it started raining in June, cholera spread head rapidly and by August, 2000 cases were reported per week. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation have too set up a network for all health centres to report dail y cases of outbreaks and have been working(a) with WHO and partners in spreading messages about safe drinking water, go washing and food preparation. WHO has also brought in additional experts in epidemiology, surveillance, logistics, social mobilization, water and sanitation from other WHO unsophisticated offices and set up a Cholera command and control centre.Inspite of all these efforts, there is a severe shortage of unwritten rehydration salts and they are expecting 32 000 cases in this outbreak. * - ? The health of a country is often based on infant and mother morbidity and mortality rates (GCH-205-DL2, Module 4, Lauren Savaglio). In 2007, Sierra Leone had the highest level of child mortality in the world. Maternal mortality is also one of the highest in the world. One in eight women risk dying during pregnancy and childbirth. The infant mortality rate of Sierra Leone is 123 deaths per 1000 live births in 2009 .Babies born in Sierra Leone in 2005 had a life expectancy of only 38 years. So it can be said that public health is generally poor in Sierra Leone. Epidemiology is the study of the distri just nowion and causes of health and illness in populations (Jacobsen,p. 7). In the case of the cholera outbreak in Sierra Leone, the infections started in the western area of the country where the capital, Freetown, is located. Cholera outbreaks usually occur in the rainy season but the outbreak in Sierra Leone started in February which is in the middle of the dry month.According to World Health Organization, Cholera is an extremely virulent disease. It affects both children and adults and can kill within hours. About 75% of people infected with V. cholerae do not develop any symptoms, although the bacteria are present in their faeces for 714 days after infection and are shed back into the environment, potentially infecting other people. Among people who develop symptoms, 80% have mild or chastise symptoms, while around 20% develop acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. This can lead to death if untreated.People with low immunity such as malnourished children or people living with HIV are at a greater risk of death if infected (National Institute of health ,U. S. National Library of Medicine The Worlds Largest Medical Library,A. D. A. M. Medical Encyclopedia, May 30th 2012). Therefore the risk factors of transmission of Cholera in a developing country like Sierra Leone is very high since there is no adequate environmental management and no minimum requirements for clean drinking water and sanitation. Like Jacobsen states in the textbook, Introduction to world-wide Health, eep in mind socioeconomic, political, behavioral, and environmental risk factors that contribute to creating the context in which the disease occurs(Jacobsen,p. 13). * - Since cholera causes dehydration, the disease is treated using oral rehydration therapy (ORT), which is basically a solution made with water, sugar and salts. They can be bought as prepackaged mixtures or can also be made at home by combining clean, boiled 1 litre of water with 8 teaspoons of sugar and 1 teaspoon of salt.But sometimes, severe cases of cholera require intravenous fluid replacement. Antibiotics can shorten illness, but should still be used in combination with the Oral Rehydration Therapy. The most basic way of preventing cholera is reservation sure communities prone to these epidemics have access to clean water and proper sanitation . Communities should also be educated about the importance of proper hygiene like hand-washing with soap after using the restroom and before cooking or eating . They should also be educated about safe discourse , preparation and storage of food .Media such as radio, television or newspapers and even community and religious leaders can also be good in spreading health education messages. And at times, early detection of the outbreak and timely provisions of treatment , like in the Sierra Leone case, is also nece ssary to reduce the number of deaths. * - I think, at the onset of the outbreak, Sierra Leones Ministry of Health and Sanitation did a great job in working with the government and other health sectors to confirm the outbreak of the disease even though the country has very few resources and capacity.With the help of WHO, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation and partners including UNICEF and Medecins Sans Frontieres-Belgium was also able to detect, treat and prevent the spread of cholera. They also set up a cholera command and control centre and trained health workers in cholera treatment and prevention. They were successful in reducing the number of outbreaks to fewer than 40 per week but when the rainy season started in June, the epidemic spread rapidly to other districts and the number of cases arose to 2000 per week. But it should be noted that in Freetown, where the first outbreak occurred, there has been ignificant reduction of cases. WHOs Representative in Sierra Leone, Dr Wo ndimagegnehu Alemu, states that many villages affected by the epidemic still face a shortage of Oral Rehydration Therapy solution, the most effective and life saving treatment for an outbreak like this. The cholera epidemic in Sierra Leone made me realize how health inequalities does exist between the poor and rich population and how even with change prevention and therapeutic techniques, infectious diseases continue to be health risk in all populations (Jacobsen,p. 1). It is also evident that the Socioeconomic status (SES) of Sierra Leone has contend a major role in the cause and prevention of this cholera epidemic. Like Dr. Alemu mentioned in the article, an outbreak like this is a major crisis for a country with a fragile health system recovering from several years of conflict (Health topicsCholera in Sierra Leone the case study of an outbreak World Health Organization, September 2012). But looking at the bright side, Dr Eugene Lam, epidemic intelligence service officer from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) working for the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,states that Messages about safe drinking water, hand washing and food preparation will not only reduce the cholera infections but also reduce all diarrhoeal disease, a big killer of children under-five in Sierra Leone (Health topicsCholera in Sierra Leone the case study of an outbreak World Health Organization, September 2012). Jacobsen states in the preface to the textbook If health is a human right, then basic health care and protection from preventable diseases should be available to all people , regardless of the condition that have made them vulnerable to illness, disability, and premature death (Jacobsen,preface xi). I only hope one day by working together as a global community , we can make sure every single human being, no matter of their socioeconomic status , can achieve a state of complete physical, mental and social well- being (Jacobsen). * - - * - References * - Health topicsCholera in Sierra Leone the case study of an outbreak World Health Organization, September 2012. Retrieved from http//www. who. int/features/2012/cholera_sierra_leone/en/index. html on September 30th,2012. * - National Institute of health ,U. S. National Library of Medicine The Worlds Largest Medical Library,A. D. A. M. Medical Encyclopedia, May 30th 2012 . Retrieved from www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001348/ on September 30th,2012 * - * - Health statistics of Sierra LeoneWorld Health Organization,2012. Retrieved from http//www. who. int/countries/sle/en/index. html on september 30th, 2012 . * - * - Introduction to Global Health, Kathryn H. Jacobsen . * - * - GCH-205-DL2 (FALL 2012), Module 4, Lauren Savaglio.

Hiv/Aids Dbq

human immunodeficiency virus (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are conditions in the human body that cause failure in the immune constitution leading to life threatening infections and tumors. HIV was first discover 30 years ago on June 5th, 1981 in a group of young snappy men. HIV began to spread through the entire population of passel. Since then over 60 million spate have been infected with HIV and more than 25 million have died form an AIDS related causes (www. emedicinehealth. com). HIV/AIDS is a big issue, because its affecting a large portion of straight offs population.Creating a public health plan will help concourse who have HIV/AIDS, and bingles at risk of being infected. With about 40,000 people graceful HIV positive each year, the financial costs for HIV/AIDS continue to increase (www. medicalnewstoday. com). Many individual are non covered by health insurance so they cant afford the treatment needed(Document 3). For e very HIV infection prevented, $355,000 is saved in the costs of providing womb-to-tomb HIV care and treatment (www. avert. org). Fundraising is a good way to lambaste money for HIV/AIDS.Having more HIV/AIDS walks throughout the United States, to raise money and make people aware of the effects it has on the population today would be a good way to raise money, and get people involved. Another good way to raise money would be to hold a telethon on nation television. Distributing flyers, postcards or door knob hangers will set local residents about what they can do to help. This money will be used to help people with HIV/AIDS to pay for not only when their medical bills and therapy, but their education as well.Most people who are putting themselves at risks of being infected with HIV/AIDS dont know what it is, or how you can catch it. Some of the cancers and infections people can get from HIV/AIDS are Salmonellosis, Tuberculosis, and Lymphomas (Document 2). The low amount of public ity is one of the main reasons why people dont know about HIV/AIDS. The first time there was ever publicity on this offspring was on July 3, 1981 when New York Times published a news story on AIDS (timeline). There should be more advertisement assureing people on how they can become infected, and how it is effecting people.Creating a campaign with eye-catching posters and billboards to be used as an educational platform is a good way to inform younger people. News articles posted online or in newspapers will help as well. An individual can become HIV positive by having knowledgeable intercourse with an infected partner, injecting drugs using a needle that has been used by an HIV positive person, or a newborn can catch the virus form the mother during pregnancy, the birthing process, or through breastfeeding (Document 1).Most people dont know how serious HIV/AIDS are, because they are not well educated on this topic. Every eight seconds someone dies from AIDS (A Closer Walk). Pro viding young people with basic AIDS education enables them to protect themselves from becoming infected. Peer education would be a great way to inform people on this topic. Peer education is when a group is given cultivation by someone who is a member of the same community, and who has already been trained in the subject.It is proven that people are strongly influenced by the attitudes and actions of others their age. Testing is a very important part of HIV/AIDS. Most people continue to spread it because they dont know they have it. In the United States, it is possible that 20% of HIV-positive individuals are unaware of their infection. ( www. emedicinehealth. com). It is impossible to tell if an individual is HIV positive just by looking at them (Document 5). The first HIV tally licensed by the United States Food and Drug Administration detects antibodies to HIV in 1985(timeline).Testing should be a mandatory thing for all sexually active people. When a yearly physical is perfor med, HIV/AIDS and other STDs testing should be done. If someone doesnt go to the doctor for a yearly physical, most places will test for HIV and AIDS for little or no cost, without knowing any personal information. It is important to get tested, so that the virus doesnt get spread to anyone else. Of all the countries in the world, America is home to the largest number of people living with HIV (www. vert. org ). Tens of thousands of people are newly infected with HIV in America every year. Creating new ideas for fundraising, publicity, education, and testing, will help lower this number, because people will be aware of the effects HIV and AIDS can cause. Rabbi David Saperstein once said, AIDS destroys families, decimates communities and, particularly in the poorest areas of the world, threatens to destabilize the social, cultural, and economic fabric of entire nations

Roles Of Business Ethics And The Environment Environmental Sciences Essay

The acres provides adequate to fulfill everyone s demands, but non for everyone s greed. A Mahatma Gandhi,Every reach operates indoors a society. It uses the resources of the society and depends on the society for its operation. In other(a) words, we have enjoyed m any(prenominal) approvals of the environment and puting impacts on it at the same clip. The environment, nevertheless, has the ability to reconstruct itself, and and then every bit long as population s impacts stay within this ability, the ecosystem rem personals in balance, enabling our socioeconomic activity in a sustainable mode. However, as the universe s population additions and socioeconomic activities expand, these activities exact a heavier toll on the environment and get down to endanger it. ontogeny of resources in surplus of nature s ability to reconstruct itself has led to a diminution in natural resource militias. Habitat losingss threaten the fortitude of assorted species of wildlife. Output degrees o f waste and other discharges beyond nature s ability to sublimate itself argon doing existent or assertable taint. This ca-cas an duty on the portion of concern to look after the public serve wellance of society. So all told the activities of the concern should be such that they will non harm, instead they will cling to and transmit to the involvements of the society. Social duty of concern refers to all such responsibilities and duties of concern directed towards the public assistance of society. These responsibilities can be a portion of the frequent exemplifys of transporting on concern activity or they may be an extra map of transporting out public assistance activity. We all k right away that people go in concern to gain net income. However, net income devising is non the exclusive map of concern. It performs a puzzle out of societal maps, as it is a portion of the society. It withdraws cargon of those who are instrumental in procuring its being and survival exchan geable- the proprietors, investors, employees, consumers and authorities in peculiar and the society and community in general. So, every concern must lend in some manner or the other for their benefit. for illustration, every concern must guarantee a satisfactory rate of return to investors, supply easily wage, security and proper working status to its employees, make available quality merchandises at sensible monetary value to its consumers, maintain the environment decently and so forth modernisation and advancement have led to aerate acquiring more than(prenominal) and more polluted over the old ages. in make cleanries, vehicles, addition in the population and urbanisation are some of the study factors responsible for air pollution the international range of the job has led to the sign language of international understandings on the limitation of sulfur and N oxide emanations. When toxic substances enter lakes, watercourses, rivers, oceans, and other piss organic structures , they get dissolved or lie suspended in water system or acquire deposited on the bed. This consequences in the pollution of H2O whereby the quality of the H2O deteriorates, impacting aquatic ecosystems. Pollutants can besides ooze down and impact the groundwater sedimentations. there is a strong consensus that concern has ethical duty towards environment that includes both human and non human universe.the paper therefore trades with the incorporated societal duty towards environment, i.e. what critical employment concern corporate can and should play in environmental trade protection and sustainable give wayment. there is a turning concern for corporate societal duties i.e. which is now planetary corporate duty towards environmental sustainable development, which deals with corporate concern for people, net income and planet.concern for people includes regard for diverse work force, fol down in the mouth up of safe processs, aid towards each other, engagement in insurance prog rams, sharing and caring for each others ideas. concern for net income includes betterment in company s services, useful direction of labour, cut downing non value added services, pull offing supplies and stock lists and cut downing corporate waste.concern for planet includes increasing usage of eco-friendly merchandises, cycle boxes and proofing cloths, cycle aluminium and card board, conserving natural resources and disposing the waste decently. The concerns for corporate duties are increasing because of public image, authorities ordinance, endurance and growing, employee satisfaction, consumer consciousness. concern activities causes Pollution, which merely means presence of any un-wanted substance that, creates incommodiousness in the natural behaviourof life and inanimate. To continue the society it is of import to protect the environment. And, hence, every concern must take step to protect the environment instead than damaging it.Pollution and Role of BusinessIn this subdi vision let us larn more about incompatible types of environmental pollution and hold out of concern. Nature has given us air, tear including mountains, hills, woods and so on and H2O in the signifier of rivers, lakes, sea etcetera , which create an environment in which we live. Our wellness and severe being aboutly depend on the quality of such environment. However, it is observed that the quality of this environment is deteriorating twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours. We are acquiring neither pure H2O to imbibe nor clean air to take a breath. We are holding prematurely rains, storms, cyclones, inundations, lengthened summer, etc. We are besides enduring from assorted diseases because of such lower quality of environment. When the quality of environment deteriorates, it is said that the environment is acquiring polluted. on that pointfore, environmental pollution refers to taint of by assorted substances that have inauspicious effects on life and inanimate affairs. envir onmental pollution is of following types Air pollution, Water pollution, and world Pollution. Air pollution refers to the presence of any unwanted liquides, dust atoms etc. in the air, that can do harm to people every bit entire as nature. there are many causes of air pollution Emission of exhausts from vehicles, Emission of smell dust and chemicals from fabricating plants. , . Emission of gases and dust originating from atomic workss, Emission of fume from embrocate refineries, combustion of trees and workss in woods, buring of coal, etc. Impact of Air Pollution is really deep on our milieus and on us. Some of them are-Presence of gases in air, which are non need by human existences, animate beings and birds, creates serious wellness jobs. It can make diseases wish asthma, cough and cold, sightlessness, hearing loss, skin disease etc. It besides causes familial upsets. In the long tally and in utmost instances it can besides be fatal. Air Pollution creates smog in the winter , which is caused by fume and dust when they mix with fog. It reduces natural visibleness and irritates the eyes and respiratory piece of land. Ozone bed is a protective bed of gases around our Earth, which protects us from harmful UV rays that germ from the Sun. It gets depleted because of air pollution and thereby causes cistron mutant, familial defects and skin malignant neoplastic disease. The temperature of the Earth additions due to air pollution. This is because whatever heat our Earth receives from the Sun is non radiated to the ambiance due to the unjustified presence of gases like C dioxide, methane, azotic oxide, etc. Air pollution causes acerb rain which means immoderate presence of assorted toxicant gases like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide etc. in the rainwater. This causes batch of harm to flora, trees and marine life, edifices and memorials etc.Environment is besides polluted through inordinate noise, known as Noise Pollution. Noise merely means an unwanted sound that causes annoyance. It is caused by modern machines and appliances such as rail engines, loud talkers, generators, aero planes, vehicles, machineries, telephones, telecastings etc. It ab initio distorts communicating procedure, but prolonged exposure to resound pollution can do loss of hearing, concern, annoyance, high blood force per unit area, neurological or psychological upsets, etc. Water pollution refers to taint of H2O due to presenceof unwanted and harmful substances therefore, doing H2O unfit for usage. The assorted ground of H2O pollution are-Drainage of human body waste into rivers, canals etc, Improper sanitation and sewerage system, Dumping of wastes and wastewaters by assorted industrial units into the rivers and canals, Drainage of toxic substances like chemicals and fertilisers used in cultivation, into watercourses and rivers. Dumping of refuse, dead organic structures and about every thing used in rites to the nearby H2O beginning by families. There are deep i mpacts of Water Pollution. The effects of H2O pollution are It can make wellness jeopardies among human existences, animate beings and birds, Diseases like enteric fever, icterus, cholera, gastroentytis etc. are common, it can jeopardize lives of assorted aquatic species, it can take to scarceness of imbibing H2O as the H2O of rivers and canals every bit good as belowground H2O get polluted. Land Pollution refers to dumping of useless, unwanted every bit good as risky substances on the land that degrades the quality of dirt we use. Our land gets polluted because of the human sloppiness towards the dirt. There are several causes of Land Pollution. The chief causes of land pollution are profligate usage of fertilisers, chemicals and pesticides in cultivation. Disposal of solid waste of industries mines and preies, disposal of solid waste from building of roads, edifices etc. Effluents of some workss like paper, sugar etc. which are non absorbed by dirt. Excessive usage of plastic bag s, which are non-biodegradable, dumping of non-composable wastes from families, hotels and infirmaries every bit good as from industries. These may include combustible points like plastic, fabric, wood etc, and non-combustible points like metal, glass, ceramics, cement etc. Land Pollution has the undermentioned harmful effects-Reduces the quantum of arable land coun filter out, Causes wellness jeopardies as it contaminates the beginnings of nutrient. Causes harm to the landscape leads to H2O and air pollution. From the above treatment on environmental pollution, one thing can clearly be seen that, it is concern that chiefly contributes to all kinds of pollution air, noise, H2O and land. Business causes pollution in the undermentioned shipwayEmission of gas and fume from fabrication workss Use of machines, vehicles etc. lending to resound pollutiondevelopment of urbanisation and industrialisation Disposal of wastes and wastewaters into rivers and canals Disposal of solid wastes in t he unfastened infinite Mining and quarrying activities andIncreasing usage of conveyanceDeforestation due to acquisition of forest lands for puting up workss.Role of authoritiesGovernment has interpreted a major measure in protecting the environment by go throughing the environment Protection Act, 1986 in add-on to holding Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act,1974, Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981 and several other Acts. Business can every bit be instrumental in contending pollution and protecting the environment. The authoritiess must follow these rules and show their committedness to supply the resources need for their execution.The rules which authorities should followBetter quality of life for allIntegrated development planningMore effectual Torahs and establishmentsCivil society engagement in ending-makingMeaningful engagement of the private orbitBusiness can hold three types of function preventative, healing and consciousness.I. Preventiv e Function It means concern should take all stairss so that no farther harm is done to the environment. For this, concern must follow the ordinances laid down by authorities to command pollution. For illustration, more and more environmental friendly merchandises can be produced, filters can be used in chimneys silencers can be fitted in generators alternatively of dumping industrial wastes into river and land it can be treated decently for farther productive usage etc. Businessmens should come forward to play a major function in forestalling farther harm done to the environment by human existences. Sulabh International is the taking illustration of how to supply proper sanitation installations to the populace.II. cure RoleIt means concern should rectify whatever harm has been done to the environment. In Addition, if it is non possible to forestall pollution so coincident healing stairs can be taken. For illustration, seting of trees ( a forestation programmes ) can well cut down air pollution near the industrial country.III. Awareness RoleIt means doing people ( both the employees every bit good as the general populace ) aware about the causes and effects of environmental pollution so that they voluntarily try to protect instead than damage the environment. For illustration, concern can set about public consciousness programmes. Now-a-days, we find that some concern houses have taken the duties to develop and lionize Parkss and gardens in metropoliss and towns, which shows that they care for the environment. Sustainable learning of Business Sector in a Socially Responsible Way Sustainable Development is Development that meets the demands of the drive home without compromising the ability of future coevalss to run into their ain demands -from the World Commission on Environment and Development s study, Our Common Future ( Oxford Oxford University Press, 1987 ) The major cause of the continued impairment of the planetary environment is the unsustainable forms of ingestion and production, peculiarly in the industrialised states. Developed states must take the lead in accomplishing sustainable ingestion. ( United Nations Agenda 21 ) . Sustainable development is a dynamic procedure which enables wholly people to gain their possible, and to better their quality of life, in ways which at the same time protect and heighten the Earth s life support systems. ( Forum for the Future Annual Report 2000 ) .Seven primeval constructs of sustainable development ( Panel for Education for Sustainable Development, 1999 )1.A MutualityUnderstanding how people, the environment and the economic system are inextricably linked at all degrees from local to planetary.2.A Citizenship and stewardshipAcknowledging the enormousness of taking single duty and action to guarantee the universe is a better topographic point.3.A Needs and rights of future coevalssUnderstanding our ain basic demands and the deductions for the demands of future coevalss of actions taken today.4.A DiversenessRespecting and valuing both human diverseness ( cultural, societal and economic ) Aand biodiversity.5.A Quality of lifeAdmiting that planetary equity and correctness are indispensable elements of sustainability and that basic demands must be met universally.6.A Sustainable alterationsUnderstanding that resources are finite and that this has deductions for people s life styles and for commercialism and industry.7.A BalanceA A A A A A Understanding of uncertainness and of the demand for safeguards in action.STRATEGIES WHICH SHOULD BE ADOPTED BY THE CORPORATE TO SAVE AND observe THE ENVIRONMENT, Planet GREEN BUSINESS STRATEGIES rejuvenation of concern has gathered impulse globally, increasing figure of companies are following environmental direction policies and patterns that attempt to practice natural resources more expeditiously, belittle outwardnesss and rehabilitate the environment. The consumer foodstuff base of green and ethical consumers will dr ive demand for merchandises reflecting the current desire to curtail environmental impact from both industries and persons. The scope of merchandises and services that offer green solutions coming into the market reflect the turning consumer tendency in concerns for personal environmental impact. Stuart stag, motorcoach of the Corporate Environmental Management Program at the University of Michigan School of Business, explains the jussive mood of sustainable development and provides a model for placing the concern chances behind sustainability. Hart identifies three phases of environmental scheme pollution bar, merchandise stewardship, and the development of clean engineering. But companies will non profit from such attempts unless they draw a route map that can demo them how new merchandises and services must germinate and what new competences they will necessitate.Engineers and scientists should develop advanced merchandises and services that provide superior calculating suppl y while necessitating less energy to run and industry.When we act to protect and continue our planet, we re moving in our ain best involvement. That s why we re focused on cut downing the environmental impact of our merchandises at every phase in their life rhythm by minimising waste and administrate the stuffs used in the production procedure.Eco-friendly or clean and low waste engineering should be used by the industrial organisations.Industrial waste should be recycled every bit far as possible.There should be scientific intervention of all emanations before their release into the environment.Plant and machinery should be modernized to minimise the pollution.The concern houses should follow with the Torahs and ordinances enacted for bar of pollution. This should be done in missive and spirit.The concern houses should collaborate with the public governments in their programmed of environmental protection.Positive stairss should be taken to salvage the environment. These include p lantation of trees, cleansing of rivers, pools, etc and protection of wild life.All concerns have to see moral inquiries. It is an of import and strategic variable. If a concern focuses wholly on the bottom-line without sing the deductions of its relationship with the community as a whole, its short -termist place could sabotage the bottom-line.Low C engineering Business should follow low C economic system.Precautionary policy, foremost, do no injury and look before you leap, must be followed to public policy toward new merchandises ( like chemicals ) and engineerings that could present serious hazard. Ordinary hazard analysis asks, How much environmental harm will be allowed? But the precautional rule asks, How small harm is possible? Today we re seeing the rule adopted more and more widely. The Maastricht Treaty that created the European Union in 1991 puts the rule at the centre of its environmental policy, and San Francisco made safeguard functionary policy in 2003.Commo ns direction is a scheme which lives and thrives today in such things as Wikipedia, community gardens, and husbandmans market everyplace. The author and enterpriser Peter Barnes has suggested that the ambiance, which everyone ought to have, could be success copiousy managed and protected via a parks government. Ocean piscaries might be every bit good.Be to the full crystalline. Even if you re non accomplishing every bit much as you could, or should, consumers will appreciate transparence. Modestly saying your successes and foregrounding countries to better will assist earn consumer support. Conversely, concealing from the limelight merely makes consumers presume the worst.Promote an unfastened talks. Companies like Patagonia have had great branding success by promoting an unfastened duologue with their consumers. Help your consumers lead you towards sustainability by ask foring their input and feedback. They ll experience a portion of your success and be more willing to back up you. Restructured feeler organisations need to follow a structured Corporate Environmental Policy, implanting environmental preservation policies at each measure of concern like merchandise recycling emanation decrease packaging, merchandise design procurance acceptance of endangered vegetations and/or zoologies, seller instruction runs, competitions advancing the friendly usage of the environment.eco-purchasing encourages rating of denary environmental impacts of every merchandise throughout its life rhythm natural stuffs acquisition, production / fabrication, boxing / DISTRIBUTION, USE & A OPERATION, MAINTENANCEdisposal, ( recycling/remfg. ) / end-of-life, It should holdEnvironmental AttributesA like Recycled content, Recyclables, and ProductDisassembly possible, Durability, Reusability, Take back, Biobased, EnergyEfficiency, Water efficiency, Reconditioned or remanufacturedGREEN BUSINESS HEROSBusiness HEROS ARE NOT WHO ARE JUST reservation PROFITS, BUT THOSE WHO ARE FOLLOEING GREEN BUSINESS, GREEEN STRATEGIES, GREEN MARKETING ETC LIKE Carbon-crusadersWaste-recyclersEnergy-saversEco-buildingsGreen-purchasersGreen-technologistsEco-innovatorsCorporate EnterprisesA turning tendency witnessed in recent times across corporate council chambers has been the concern for environmental protection and execution of enterprises for environmental preservation. The universe is rousing to the inexorable chance of environmental debasement and is taking stairss to stem the tide. many another(prenominal) corporations have acknowledged the negative effects of natural events like planetary heating, nursery gases and the depletion of the ozone bed and are re-orienting themselves and their concerns to battle the same, particularly given its impact on energy, a critical natural stuff input. Such provisioning for environmental impact in their daily operations is frequently termed as traveling green in corporate idiom. Regulative policies like the Kyoto Protocol are besides pro gressively assisting this displacement as corporates pro-actively embrace environment-friendly plans and enterprises.One-half of the US s top carbon companies are now describing on their environmental, societal and administration ( ESG ) public presentation, harmonizing to a survey by Social Investment Research Analysts Network ( SIRAN ) and Boston-based KLD Research & A Analytics. Of the companies in the S & A P 100 Index, 49 had issued comprehensive ESG studies 11 for the first clip in the period from June 2005 to December 2006, clearly underlining the importance of their committedness to the environment. ( AMERICAN CHRONICAL )IBM, known as Big Blue, which launched its Project Big Green to assist clients cut down their informations centre energy use.General Motors and oil major ConocoPhillips joined the list of corporate giants that have come out in support of a compulsory ceiling on nursery gas emanations ( Beginning Corporate Research Newsletter )Harmonizing to AMR Research, 52 % of the top 100 Fortune companies do non hold a dedicated budget and have non be after a strategic roadmap for implementing environment-friendly enterprises. This showcases the untapped potency for environmental nutriment acceptance and underlies the importance of this demand.Under its Corporate Social Responsibility and Community Development fascinate ( CSR-CD ) , NTPC Simhadri Super Thermal Power Project organised an carnal wellness cantonment on Friday at P. Bonangi Village near Desapatrunipalem. The cantonment was organised in association with Animal Husbandry Department, Vadacheepurupalli. During the cantonment, around 160 animate beings like cattles, American bison and 60 sheep were checked and given medical specialties and interventions such as de-worming, inoculation, vitamins and minerals assuage of cost.Environment Management, Occupational Health and Safety SystemsNTPC has actively gone for acceptance of best international patterns on environment, occupational welln ess and safety countries. The organisation has pursue the Environmental Management System ( EMS ) ISO 14001 and the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System OHSAS 18001 at its different constitutions. As a consequence of prosecuting these patterns, all NTPC exponent Stationss have been certified for ISO 14001 & A OHSAS 18001 by reputed national and international Certifying Agencies.DecisionCorporations that are taking a proactive function in the field of environmental protection are besides going progressively influential in determining national policy on environmental issues. In certain states, some of the most important developments in authorities environmental policy have occurred when influential concern involvements have added their weight to the preservation anteroom. As corporate duty for environmental protection additions, province bureaus in several states are give up to command of certain countries of resource direction or protection to the private sector and cu t downing degrees of public-sector ordinance in favour of voluntary understandings or self-regulation by concern.There is a big argument, nevertheless, about whether such tendencies associated with corporate environmentalism are lending in any meaningful manner to back up the development. There can be small uncertainty that a turning figure of companies are now following codifications of behavior and environmental coverage and monitoring processs, advancing recycling, waste or pollution control and energy efficiency, and taking more proactive steps to conserve the environment. Yet many observers dismiss these developments as really holding resulted in negative environmental and societal effects. Furthermore, there is concern sing the evident transportation of duty for ordinance from public to private establishments and the impression that patroling the defiler should be left to the defiler. So that, as a decision once more, the corporation should put the functions of concern whi ch are preventative function, healing function and awareness function. By these three functions, we are able to protect the environment, keep our garden, and avoid to damage the environment.

A Psychological/ Profile Report Essay

This paper makes use of profiling questions and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test in order to create a profile or psychological report. The subject of this profile report is a person with whom the interviewer feels comfortable with, specifically, a person whom he knows well. The interviewees responses to the profiling questions will be study and compared against the interviewers knowledge of the interviewees look and personality.This is not a clinical report and it should not be used for assessing psychopathology or recommending any kind of psychological treatment for the interviewee. Instead, the objective of this interview is moreover to know the interviewer better. Since the interview was not conducted by a professional psychologist, inferences found in this report mustiness be viewed with s kepticism. Demographic Information The subject of this report is a twenty-six course of study old female, a single mom who works as a home-based web content writer for a family now.Pr ior to pregnancy and her home-based job, she used to an investigative writer for an intellectual property (IP) rights firm. She also worked as a magazine in a lifestyle magazine before. Her baby is now almost a year old and she lives with her sister. In accordance to the confidentiality precept of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test, the identity of the interviewee will be kept private. To refer to the interviewee, the name Fray will be used in this report. (Myers, I. et al, 1998) Responses to the profiling questionsDoes the interviewee remember instruction more accurately if he/she observes the behavior being performed or does he/she prefer to read how the behavior is performed? Fray prefers to read how the behavior is performed. Simply said, she wants to interpret actions and behaviors in accordance to her past experiences and knowledge. She uses her general mind of societal interactions in her attempts to interpret or understand the expression people interact with her or the way other people respond to their environment.Furthermore, she thinks that actions must be viewed in a cause and effect pattern. For her, everything happens for a reason and the way people behave is probably a product of how the society interacted with them. The interviewer agrees with Frays responses. She has observed that Fray often likes to make insinuations on other people based on how they prattle and act in public. Q2 Does the interviewee prefer studying in a library, or at home where on that point are background noises and some distractions?Fray opts to study at home hardly she noted that the choice is merely because she feels more inclined to study when she is alone inside her room. She also notes that she can tolerate the strawman of background noises and some distractions which are typical in her home setting. In addition to that, she pointed out that she exponent also prefer to study in a library, provided that the place is not teeming with hushed but busy people wh o keep on walking around. The interviewer notes that the fact that Fray prefers a surrounding thats solemn is probably part of the reason why she also prefers to work at home.

Habitat for Humanity Essay

habitat for generosity originated at Koinonia Farm, which is a meek Christian farming community of interests located outside of Americus, Georgia. Cl arnce Jordan brought the idea to Millard Fuller, who is the founder and president of Habitat for creation International. They developed the idea of partnership housing, calling for families in need of a home to partner with volunteers to crap affordable homes. In 1975 Fuller and his wife Linda established Habitat for Humanity with one clear raft in mind a world where everyone has a decent place to pull through. Habitats ministry is base on the conviction that to follow the teachings of Jesus Christ we moldiness reflect Christs get it on in our own lives by loving and caring for one another. Our love must not be words only it must be true love, which shows itself in action, this is the full forces that lead Fuller and his wife to establish this organization. Habitat provides an opportunity for masses to put their credit and l ove into action, bringing diverse groups of people together to make affordable housing and better communities a humans for everyone.The idea of Habitat for Humanity is to performance in partnership with God and people to build decent, affordable, houses in which people basin live and grow into all what God has intended. The Fullers vision has become a successful reality that has presently helped build over 500,000 homes and helped over 2.5 million people worldwide. Habitat for humanity is operated based on two main sources donations and mortgage payments of the homeowners. Donations generate from individuals, foundations, and businesses their monies are used to purchase land and materials. The no-interest mortgage payments do by current Habitat homeowners greatly contribute to support the construction of additional Habitat homes. any(prenominal) organizations such as Ameri-Corp may pay their volunteers with school courses and materials in return for their clip. Habitat for Hu manitys crucial point is not just to build a house and help people to be under a roof, but their main goal is to build a clean, decent, and stable house for families these families dirty dog provide stability to their children, the sense of dignity and pride grows for these families health, tangible safety, and security improves, educational and job prospects.My induce at Habitat for Humanity was a powerful and passionate one. Amazingly, one of the most precious gifts we can give one another is time. A couple of hours or days can translate into a lifetime of hopefulness and commitment to strive and I had the opportunity to convey this reality, throughout my experience at the Habitat. I harbour learned what the meaning of passion is mainly because Ive had the genuine sentiment to finish the civilise Ive started, along with many other people that shared this experience with me. The other thing that I discovered nearly passion is how easy it is to be a family with people you ha ve met for the first time if you open your heart to them and let them be part of your life. The other thing I found slightly passion is the skills that I have that would help to repair the universe. In this experience I found something that has deepened my faith that God created each one of us uniquely with specific skills that not everybody has in that respectfore, this experience helped me to find skills that I am going to use to help building the world again with passion and also the experience and realize that the simple usage of my hands can a the life of a family.The people that I met at Habitat for Humanity were dedicated to their jobs. As I approached the job site, I noticed several(prenominal) groups of people who were putting their time and organization into this home-building project. They invested hundreds of hours of sweat into building houses to help low income families. Some days, community volunteers spend more than eight hours working on the houses. To complete th eir jobs, volunteers overcame obstacles such as lack of supplies, unuseable wood, and lack of enough workers. The employees and volunteers I met were motivated to overcome obstacles to help families in need. Though they may not have had the best materials, they used what they had in order to complete the job. Many of these materials come from the Re-Store this store sells donations for the most part given by the community. The funds collected are used for materials and other overhauls that are required.Volunteers must be willing to work in the heat and pull round a lot of intense physical labor. Wall-framing, installing dry wall, plumbing and roofing are skills that the organization needs from volunteers. The volunteers I worked with were willing to endure the heat and physical labor in order to help low income families who need a home. If you are looking for a place where you can make a huge impact on society, Habitat for Humanity is the place. People of all backgrounds, races, and religions are invited to build houses for people in our community. Habitat for Humanity is overt of working with each volunteers skill level. Dont be afraid of catchy work. No matter what goes on in your life, you will always remember all of the positive things you have done to help out in your community.In conclusion, Habitat for Humanity does such essential work and by that work they recognize the concept of passion and Christianity, and the other thing about them is they recognize that there are needs in the world and these needs should be met with their work. My experience helped me change my idea about service and the real meaning of service, and it let me be familiar with the big three Rs- restoration, reparation, and expiation that are the keys for service. The three Rs were spoken among many of the volunteers that I met, indeed the Rs simply describe this experience, the other thing I found is that dedicating myself is another important part of service because witho ut dedicating myself, the work that we need to do to repair the universe would not be as perfect as how it should be.

Physical Education Essay

somatogenic command trends pretend stand uped new-fashi integritydlywhen? to incorpo score a greater variety of activities besides exemplary sports. Introducing students to activities equivalent bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early grow fire divine utility students develop goodness performance habits that will carry over into adulthood. close to teachers pitch even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques much(prenominal) as yoga, deep-breathing and siamese connection chi. Tai chi, an ancient martial humanities form foc delectationd on slow broody safaris is a relaxation operation with m some(prenominal) benefits for students.see muchhistory of strong-arm study in the philippinesStudies gather in shown that tai chi enhances muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and countenances umpteen other sensual benefits. It a analogous provides psychological benefits much(prenominal)(prenominal) as improving general genial heal th, c erstntration, awargonness and positive mood. It good deal be taught to any age student with little or no equipment do it ideal for mixed ability and age classes. Tai chi apprize easily be incorporated into a holistic learning trunk and mind whole. 2 teach non-traditional sports to students whitethorn also provide the necessary motivation for students to increase their exertion, and can help students learn some different cultures.For example, while breeding a unit around lacrosse (in, say, Arizona, USA), students can also learn a little bit about the Native American cultures of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated. Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate donnish concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the example above), which may now be required of many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) P. E. teachers. The intravenous feeding aspects of P. E. ar visible, mental, social, and e motional. citation needed Another trend is the incorporation of health and nutrition to the physical education syllabus.The Child feeding and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required that each(prenominal) canvass districts with a federally funded train meal program develop wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity. 3 maculation teaching students sports and movement skills, P. E. teachers ar now incorporating rook health and nutrition lessons into the curriculum. This is more prevalent at the elementary inform level, where students do not put up a specific Health class. Recently around elementary aims make water specific health classes for students as well as physical education class.With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine flu, school districts be making it mandatory for students to learn about practicing good hygienics along with other health topics. To sidereal day many states require somatogenetic information teachers to be certif iable to teach Health courses. Many colleges and Universities offer twain material reading and Health as ane certification. This push towards health education is beginning in the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self-esteem and stress and passion management.Research has shown that there is a positive corrolation amid brain development and exercising. 4 Incorporating local indigenous friendship into physical education can lead to many meaningful experiences and a way of learning about other cultures. For example by incorporating traditional hunch forwardledge from varying indigenous groups from across Canada students can be exposed to a many concepts such as holistic learning and the medicine wheel. A unit could be foc utilisationd on connecting to a wander or feeling while outdoors, participating in traditional games, or outdoor environmental education.These types of lesson can easily be integrated into other part of the curriculum and give Aboriginal stu dents a seduce hold to incorporate their culture in the local school community 5 Studies have been d unmatched in how physical education can help improve schoolman achievement. In a 2007 article, researchers found a large(p) gain in students side of meat Arts standardized testing students who had 56 time of days of physical education in a class compared to worry students who had 28 hours of physical education a year. 6In Brazil, the physical education curriculum is radiation patterned to drop out school pupils a full range of new-fangled opportunities, dozens of sports and hundreds of carefully reviewed drills and exercises, including exposure to education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and rawness rate monitors, as well as state-of-the-art exercise machines in the upper grades. approximately martial arts classes, like wrestling in the get together States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves.The physical education curriculum is designed to allow students to experience at least a minimum exposure to the avocation categories of activities aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students are encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a indigenous take by effectively managing their community resources. In these areas, a planned place of learning experiences is designed to support a progression of student development.This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, physical seaworthiness, and teamwork in order to be better lively for the middle and mellow school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders. 7 Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex. Requiring individuals to accede in physical education activities, such as dodge ball, f lag football, and other competitive sports carcass a controversial subject because of the social concussion these have cases physical education programs have been cut. engine room use in physical education stark naked applied science in Physical education is vie a big role in classes. integrity of the most affordable and effective is a ingenuous video recorder. With the use of a video recorder students can see the mistakes theyre making in things such as a throwing motion or swinging form. 8 Studies show that students find this more effective than having someone try to explain what they are doing wrong, and consequently trying to correct it. 9 Educators also found the use of other technologies such as pedometers and heart rate monitors precise successful, using them to chance upon step and heart rate goals for students.10 Other technologies that can be utilize in a Physical information condition would include video projectors, GPS and even gaming systems such as Kinect , Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution. Projectors can be used to show students things such as proper form or how to play veritable games. GPS systems can be used to get students alive(p) in an outdoor setting and active exergames can be used by teachers to show students a good way to stay fit in and out of the classroom setting11 Another type of engineering science that is commonly used in Physical genteelness is the use of pedometers.Pedemeters do not necessarily tail how far a person is going, but it lets them know the number of steps they are making. It will let them know how many steps on average they are making and want to strive to get more the next class. 1 There are many lessons that you can use for many grade levels when you are teaching students to use a pedometer it is strategic to make it a game, especially for younger students. 2 Worldwide In Australia, physical education was first made a authoritative part of the curriculum in straight-laced Government particul ar and secondary schools in 1981.The form _or_ system of government was outlined in a Ministerial tale to the Victorian Legisaltive Assembly by the Minister for educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17th September. 3 In South Korea, it is mandatory for pupils to take 3 hours of PE through primary and secondary schools. citation needed In Portugal, pupils from primary school could excerptally join PE as an extra-curricular activity. From middle school to secondary school, pupils moldiness figure in PE classes 2 hours per week. citation neededIn Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior(a) colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE every week, except during scrutiny seasons. Pupils are able to play games like football, badminton, captains ball, and basketball during most sessions. Unorthodox sports such as touchball, fencing, and skateboarding are occasionally played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, lawn tennis, shooting, and squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils.citation needed Pupils are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1. 6 km for primary 10-12 year-olds/2. 4 km for secondary and junior college levels 13-18 year-olds). Students are graded by gold, silver, bronze or fail. NAPFA for pre-enlistees serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the countrys compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail. In British Columbia, Canada the government has stated in the grade one curriculum that students must participate in physical activity daily five eras a week.Also the teacher is responsible for planning chance(a) Physical Activity (DPA) which is thirty minutes of loopy to moderate physical activity a day not including curriculum physical education classes. The curriculum a lso requires students in grade one to be knowledgeable about heavy living. For example students must be able to describe befits of regular exercise, refer healthy choices that require them to be more physically active, and describe importance of choosing healthy food. 12In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools to secondary schools are anticipate to do 2 periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except a week before examination. In most secondary schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, football, basketball and tennis are available. Pupils are allowed to bring their own sports equipment to the school with the authorization of the teacher. In most secondary schools, physical exams are rarely done, but schools record pupils height, saddle and number of push-ups they can do. citation neededIn Scotland, pupils are expected to do at least two periods of PE in first, second, third and fourth year. In fifth and ordinal year, PE is voluntary. citation needed In Ireland, P. E. is mandatory for all years. Unless, the school gives the option for a student to do the Leaving credentials Vocational Programme instead for fifth and sixth year. Indonesian high school students are play traditional game Benteng In Indonesia, students ranging from Kindergarten to High educate have PE integrated with their curriculum.Kindergarten until Grade 3 of primary students have gymnastics, starting from Grade 4 of chief(a) School, students will be introduced into traditional martial arts Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, tennis, soccer, futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, Both gender are separated during PE class. PE find its place in extracurricular forms, where students can specialize themself in one kind of sports they choose. Sport Festival can be held during vacuum period, usually after examination.At this time students can compete each other by bringing own class flag. Some universities such as ITB include PE in curr iculum for freshmen Some countries include Martial Arts training in school as part of Physical facts of life class. These Filipino children are doing karate. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their Physical training curriculum. 1314151617 In England, pupils are expected to do two hours of PE a week in division 7, 8 and 9 and at least 1 in year 10 and 11. 18 In Wales, pupils are expected to do only one hour of PE per fortnight.19 In Poland, pupils are expected to do at least three hours of PE a week during primary and secondary education. 20 Universities must also organise at least 60 hours of physical education classes at undergraduate courses. 21 In India, Physical Education is an important subject in schools. Many students chose Physical Education as a subject against Language open Like English, French, some time official run-in Hindi and some time local languages like Punjabi, because it is a very scoring subject and very interesting .clarification needed Assignments on Physical education increase the interest in Sports Educational Bodies in India like profound Board of Secondary Education and Punjab School Education Board are in those which conduct examination on Physical Education in affiliated schools and colleges. citation needed Many people see Physical Education as Physical Activity or Game. Physical Activity or Game is only a subset of the entire Physical Education Curriculum, however, physical activity or Game is the key foundation of asuccessful PE program.In todays high tech society, a successful Physical Education (PE) plays an important role in the physical issue and development of students in fighting against the sedentary life-style brought towards us through the convenience of new technology and devices. Through PE, students acquire the knowledge, skills, right attitudes and values towards the sake of a lifelong physically active and healthy lifestyle. It also provides an avenue for students to express themselves through movement and physical activity.The PE programme in Bina Bangsa school is design to allow the younger ones to enjoy physical activity in the first 2 years and as they grow in maturity, other components will be slowly added. The Bina Bangsa PE Programme is designed such that all students are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of physical activities such as sports and games and acquire the concepts and skills that will enable them to participate in these sports and games both for leisure and competition. In addition, PE provides a ingrained platform and valuable opportunities to develop self-management skills, social and co-operative skills, and descriptor character.It serves to complement other educational areas in promoting the coveted outcomes of education. In particular, PE helps to cultivate healthy habits, teamwork, resilience, high self-esteem and resolve. Physical education trends have developed recentlywhen? to incorporate a gre ater variety of activities besides typical sports. Introducing students to activities like bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood.Some teachers have even begun to incorporate stress-reduction techniques such as yoga, deep-breathing and tai chi. Tai chi, an ancient martial arts form focused on slow meditative movements is a relaxation activity with many benefits for students. Studies have shown that tai chi enhances muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and provides many other physical benefits. It also provides psychological benefits such as improving general mental health, concentration, awareness and positive mood.It can be taught to any age student with little or no equipment making it ideal for mixed ability and age classes. Tai chi can easily be incorporated into a holistic learning body and mind unit. 2 Teaching non-traditional sports to students may also provid e the necessary motivation for students to increase their activity, and can help students learn about different cultures. For example, while teaching a unit about lacrosse (in, say, Arizona, USA), students can also learn a little bit about the Native American cultures of the Northeast and Eastern Canada, where lacrosse originated.Teaching non-traditional (or non-native) sports provides a great opportunity to integrate academic concepts from other subjects as well (social studies from the example above), which may now be required of many P. E. teachers. The four aspects of P. E. are physical, mental, social, and emotional. citation needed Another trend is the incorporation of health and nutrition to the physical education curriculum. The Child Nutrition and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004 required that all school districts with a federally funded school meal program develop wellness policies that address nutrition and physical activity.3 While teaching students sports and movement sk ills, P. E. teachers are now incorporating short health and nutrition lessons into the curriculum. This is more prevalent at the elementary school level, where students do not have a specific Health class. Recently most elementary schools have specific health classes for students as well as physical education class. With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine flu, school districts are making it mandatory for students to learn about practicing good hygiene along with other health topics.Today many states require Physical Education teachers to be certified to teach Health courses. Many colleges and Universities offer both Physical Education and Health as one certification. This push towards health education is beginning in the intermediate level, including lessons on bullying, self-esteem and stress and anger management. Research has shown that there is a positive corrolation between brain development and exercising. 4 Incorporating local indigenous knowledge into physical edu cation can lead to many meaningful experiences and a way of learning about other cultures.For example by incorporating traditional knowledge from varying indigenous groups from across Canada students can be exposed to a many concepts such as holistic learning and the medicine wheel. A unit could be focused on connecting to a place or feeling while outdoors, participating in traditional games, or outdoor environmental education. These types of lesson can easily be integrated into other parts of the curriculum and give Aboriginal students a chance to incorporate their culture in the local school community 5 Studies have been done in how physical education can help improve academic achievement.In a 2007 article, researchers found a profound gain in students English Arts standardized testing students who had 56 hours of physical education in a year compared to like students who had 28 hours of physical education a year. 6 In Brazil, the physical education curriculum is designed to allow school pupils a full range of modern opportunities, dozens of sports and hundreds of carefully reviewed drills and exercises, including exposure to education with the use of pedometer, GPS, and heart rate monitors, as well as state-of-the-art exercise machines in the upper grades.Some martial arts classes, like wrestling in the United States, and Pencak Silat in France, Indonesia, and Malaysia, are taught to teach children self-defense and to feel good about themselves. The physical education curriculum is designed to allow students to experience at least a minimum exposure to the following categories of activities aquatics, conditioning activities, gymnastics, individual/dual sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance. Students are encouraged to continue to explore those activities in which they have a primary interest by effectively managing their community resources.In these areas, a planned sequence of learning experiences is designed to support a progression of student developmen t. This allows kids through 6th grade to be introduced to sports, fitness, and teamwork in order to be better prepared for the middle and high school age. In 1975, the United States House of Representatives voted to require school physical education classes include both genders. 7 Some high school and some middle school PE classes are single-sex.Requiring individuals to participate in physical education activities, such as dodge ball, flag football, and other competitive sports remains a controversial subject because of the social impact these have cases physical education programs have been cut. Technology use in physical education New technology in Physical education is playing a big role in classes. One of the most affordable and effective is a simple video recorder. With the use of a video recorder students can see the mistakes theyre making in things such as a throwing motion or swinging form.8 Studies show that students find this more effective than having someone try to expla in what they are doing wrong, and then trying to correct it. 9 Educators also found the use of other technologies such as pedometers and heart rate monitors very successful, using them to make step and heart rate goals for students. 10 Other technologies that can be used in a Physical Education setting would include video projectors, GPS and even gaming systems such as Kinect, Wii Fit and Dance Dance Revolution. Projectors can be used to show students things such as proper form or how to play certain games.GPS systems can be used to get students active in an outdoor setting and active exergames can be used by teachers to show students a good way to stay fit in and out of the classroom setting11 Another type of technology that is commonly used in Physical Education is the use of pedometers. Pedemeters do not necessarily track how far a person is going, but it lets them know the number of steps they are making. It will let them know how many steps on average they are making and want t o strive to get more the next class.1 There are many lessons that you can use for many grade levels when you are teaching students to use a pedometer it is important to make it a game, especially for younger students. 2 Worldwide In Australia, physical education was first made a compulsory part of the curriculum in Victorian Government primary and secondary schools in 1981. The policy was outlined in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian Legisaltive Assembly by the Minister for Educational Services, the Honourable Norman Lacy MP on 17th September.3 In South Korea, it is mandatory for pupils to take 3 hours of PE through primary and secondary schools. citation needed In Portugal, pupils from primary school could optionally join PE as an extra-curricular activity. From middle school to secondary school, pupils must participate in PE classes 2 hours per week. citation needed In Singapore, pupils from primary school through junior colleges are required to have 2 hours of PE every wee k, except during examination seasons. Pupils are able to play games like football, badminton, captains ball, and basketball during most sessions.Unorthodox sports such as touchball, fencing, and skateboarding are occasionally played. In more prestigious secondary schools and in junior colleges, sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, and squash are played. A compulsory fitness exam, NAPFA, is conducted in every school once every year to assess the physical fitness of the pupils. citation needed Pupils are given a series of fitness tests (Pull-ups/Inclined pull-ups for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-and-reach and 1. 6 km for primary 10-12 year-olds/2. 4 km for secondary and junior college levels 13-18 year-olds).Students are graded by gold, silver, bronze or fail. NAPFA for pre-enlistees serves as an indicator for an additional 2 months in the countrys compulsory national service if they attain bronze or fail. In British Columbia, Canada the government has stated in the grad e one curriculum that students must participate in physical activity daily five times a week. Also the teacher is responsible for planning Daily Physical Activity (DPA) which is thirty minutes of mild to moderate physical activity a day not including curriculum physical education classes.The curriculum also requires students in grade one to be knowledgeable about healthy living. For example students must be able to describe befits of regular exercise, identify healthy choices that require them to be more physically active, and describe importance of choosing healthy food. 12 In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools to secondary schools are expected to do 2 periods or 1 hour of PE throughout the year except a week before examination. In most secondary schools, games like badminton, sepak takraw, football, basketball and tennis are available.Pupils are allowed to bring their own sports equipment to the school with the authorization of the teacher. In most secondary schools, physical e xams are rarely done, but schools record pupils height, weight and number of push-ups they can do. citation needed In Scotland, pupils are expected to do at least two periods of PE in first, second, third and fourth year. In fifth and sixth year, PE is voluntary. citation needed In Ireland, P. E. is mandatory for all years. Unless, the school gives the option for a student to do the Leaving Certificate Vocational Programme instead for fifth and sixth year.Indonesian high school students are playing traditional game Benteng In Indonesia, students ranging from Kindergarten to High School have PE integrated with their curriculum. Kindergarten until Grade 3 of Elementary students have gymnastics, starting from Grade 4 of Elementary School, students will be introduced into traditional martial arts Pencak Silat and some team games such as badminton, tennis, soccer, futsal, rounders, basketball, etc. Starting from Junior High School, Both gender are separated during PE class.PE find its pl ace in extracurricular forms, where students can specialize themself in one kind of sports they choose. Sport Festival can be held during vacuum period, usually after examination. At this time students can compete each other by bringing own class flag. Some universities such as ITB include PE in curriculum for freshmen Some countries include Martial Arts training in school as part of Physical Education class. These Filipino children are doing karate. In the Philippines, some schools have integrated martial arts training into their Physical Education curriculum.1314151617 In England, pupils are expected to do two hours of PE a week in Year 7, 8 and 9 and at least 1 in year 10 and 11. 18 In Wales, pupils are expected to do only one hour of PE per fortnight. 19 In Poland, pupils are expected to do at least three hours of PE a week during primary and secondary education. 20 Universities must also organise at least 60 hours of physical education classes at undergraduate courses. 21 In In dia, Physical Education is an important subject in schools.Many students chose Physical Education as a subject against Language Subject Like English, French, some time official language Hindi and some time local languages like Punjabi, because it is a very scoring subject and very interesting. clarification needed Assignments on Physical education increase the interest in Sports Educational Bodies in India like Central Board of Secondary Education and Punjab School Education Board are in those which conduct examination on Physical Education in affiliated schools and colleges. citation needed Many people see Physical Education as Physical Activity or Game.Physical Activity or Game is only a subset of the entire Physical Education Curriculum, however, physical activity or Game is the key foundation of a successful PE program. In todays high tech society, a successful Physical Education (PE) plays an important role in the physical growth and development of students in fighting against the sedentary lifestyle brought towards us through the convenience of new technology and devices. Through PE, students acquire the knowledge, skills, right attitudes and values towards the pursuit of a lifelong physically active and healthy lifestyle.It also provides an avenue for students to express themselves through movement and physical activity. The PE programme in Bina Bangsa school is design to allow the younger ones to enjoy physical activity in the first 2 years and as they grow in maturity, other components will be slowly added. The Bina Bangsa PE Programme is designed such that all students are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of physical activities such as sports and games and acquire the concepts and skills that will enable them to participate in these sports and games both for leisure and competition.In addition, PE provides a natural platform and valuable opportunities to develop self-management skills, social and co-operative skills, and build charac ter. It serves to complement other educational areas in promoting the desired outcomes of education. In particular, PE helps to cultivate healthy habits, teamwork, resilience, high self-esteem and resolve.